PubMed · 14419707
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E MAEDA. Activity programming for the aggressive child.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14419707/
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Some studies have reported associations between COMT and MAO genotypes and aggression, though results have been inconsistent. We examined the relationship between Overt aggression scale (OAS) scores, and both MAOA and MAOB polymorphisms in a well-powered sample of 346 subjects with schizophrenia. We also examined COMT in a Stage II replication sample of 150 individuals, and combined these results with our previously reported (Stage I) findings for COMT. We found no evidence of any associations between OAS ratings and any of the polymorphisms investigated under different genetic models. There was no evidence of epistatic interaction between MAOA and COMT on OAS scores. These results fail to support the theory that functional polymorphisms within the MAOA, MAOB, or COMT genes, as determinants of catecholamine enzymatic activity, are risk factors for aggressive behavior.
Memantine, a low- to moderate-affinity uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, has been shown to improve learning and memory in several pharmacological models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, the effect of memantine on locomotor activity, social behavior, and spatial learning was assessed in a transgenic mouse model of AD. Eight-month-old male C57BL/6J mice carrying mutated human APP and PS1 genes (APP/PS1) and their nontransgenic (NT) litter mates were administered a therapeutic dose of memantine (30 mg/kg/day p.o.) for 2 to 3 weeks. At this age, APP/PS1 mice show elevated levels of beta-amyloid peptides in several brain regions. APP/PS1 mice exhibited less exploratory rearing and increased aggressive behavior compared with NT mice. In the water maze test for spatial learning, APP/PS1 mice had longer escape latencies to both hidden and visible platforms, but they did not differ from NT mice in their swimming speed. Memantine significantly improved the acquisition of the water maze in APP/PS1 mice without affecting swimming speed. Memantine did not affect either locomotor activity or aggressive behavior in either genotype. These data indicate that memantine improves hippocampus-based spatial learning in a transgenic mouse model of AD without producing nonspecific effects on locomotion/exploratory activity.
Common marmosets exhibit under captive conditions socially monogamous propensities. During confrontation with opposite-sexed stranger, in the presence of the pairmate, common marmosets often respond aggressively. However, in the absence of their mates, males actively solicit contact and even sexual interactions with strange females whereas mated females are indifferent to strange males. In the present study behavioral and cardiophysiological responses of pairmates of six established pairs of common marmosets were recorded during confrontation with an opposite-sexed stranger (1) in the presence or (2) in the absence of the familiar pairmate. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate as well as locomotor activity were recorded telemetrically through peritoneally implanted transmitters. Behavioral responses were videotaped and in addition, urine samples from the female individuals were analyzed for their estrogen concentrations to monitor their ovarian cycles. The cardiophysiological values did not differ significantly between the two confrontation conditions. However, compared to baseline, heart rate values of both sexes and in males also blood pressure values, were significantly higher during confrontations. Hence, confrontations with an opposite-sexed conspecific clearly affect cardiophysiological parameters. Between confrontees affiliative behaviors could not been recorded but aggressive and sexual behaviors occurred.