[Acute coronary syndromes without ST segment elevation].

Abstract

NEW DENOMINATIONS: With the arrival of new therapeutic strategies requiring rapid intervention, acute coronary syndromes required classification on earlier data than the Q-wave or MB creatinine kinase. In a patient with anginal pain and depending on the electrocardiogram, we now distinguish syndromes with or without ST segment elevation. REGARDING ANTIPLATELET DRUGS: Aspirin is used in all cases, as well as clopidogrel. Anti PG IIb-IIIa agents are set aside only for the forms at risk, when an angioplasty is envisaged in the short term. ANTICOAGULANTS: Enoxaparin has demonstrated its superiority over unfractionated heparin. In general, the biological controls are not indispensables; they can however be used in certain cases (notably elderly patients). OTHER TREATMENTS: These are beta-blockers (first dose via the intravenous route in the case of persisting pain, then relay to the oral route), calcium-channel blockers (diltiazem, verapamil) when beta-blockers are contraindicated, nitrate derivatives with demonstrated antalgic effect but not to be used if an extension to the right ventricle or low blood pressure is suspected, nasal oxygen in the case of cyanosis or respiratory distress, enzyme conversion inhibitors if hypertension persists, and repeated intravenous injections of morphine in the case of persisting intense pain. CORONARY REVASCULARISATION: In all the patients considered at high risk, coronary revascularisation is recommended within the first 24 hours, when technically possible.