PubMed · 15756246
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Laurent Garel, Andrée Grignon. 2005. Defining significant hydronephrosis.. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.08.086
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Since the introduction of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) into prenatal diagnostics, advances in coil technology and development of ultrafast sequences have further enhanced this technique. At present numerous sequences are available to visualize the whole fetus with high resolution and image quality, even in late stages of pregnancy. Taking into consideration the special circumstances of examination and adjusting sequence parameters to gestational age, fetal anatomy can be accurately depicted. The variety of sequences also allows further characterization of fetal tissues and pathologies. Fetal MRI not only supplies additional information to routine ultrasound studies, but also reveals fetal morphology and pathology in a way hitherto not possible.
Lung hypoplasia and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) represent an unsolved clinical and scientific problem. Early lung morphogenesis is coupled to development and function of pulmonary smooth muscle. Activity of the latter is abnormal from the earliest stages of hypoplastic lung development and before supervening CDH. A "smooth muscle hypothesis" is advanced to help explain embryonic lung malformations, fetal failure of lung growth, and postnatal susceptibility to barotrauma, airway hyperreactivity, and pulmonary hypertension in CDH. Exploring the interaction of smooth muscle function and airway pressures may help optimise tracheal occlusion and provide support for both an adequately powered trial of glucocorticoids and also for experimental "preventilation" strategies in fetal CDH.