PubMed · 1890392
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C B Smith. 1991. Perirectal abscess.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1890392/
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OBJECTIVE: To compare initial clinical appearances, healing mechanisms, risk factors, and outcomes of horses with fungal keratitis. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. ANIMALS: 52 horses (53 eyes) with fungal keratitis. PROCEDURE: Medical records and clinical photographs of eyes were reviewed. Keratomycoses were categorized on the basis of clinical appearance at initial examination and pattern of healing. RESULTS: Five distinct forms of mycotic keratitis were recognized. Of 53 affected eyes, 34 (64%) retained sight and had varying degrees of corneal scarring after treatment, 6 (11%) had a cosmetic appearance but were blind, and 13 (25%) were enucleated. Bacterial-like ulcers were the most frequent type and the most difficult for predicting outcome. Eyes affected by superficial fungal keratitis were likely to be chronically infected and to require debridement and extended treatment but usually healed with minimal scarring. Keratomycosis with a surrounding furrow resulted in a grave prognosis. Aspergillus organisms were isolated from 9 of 10 such eyes. Cake-frosting material was a positive prognostic sign. Fungal corneal stromal abscesses tended to be caused by yeast. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: This information will aid practitioners in recognizing various forms of fungal keratitis and guide them when making therapeutic decisions and prognoses for affected horses.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of a commercially available bacterin-toxoid vaccine for preventing Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis-induced abscesses in sheep. DESIGN: Prospective randomized controlled trial. ANIMALS: 31 mixed-breed sheep seronegative for C pseudotuberculosis. PROCEDURE: Sheep were randomly assigned to vaccinate (n = 20) or nonvaccinate (11; control) groups. Sheep in the vaccinate group received 2 doses of serial A or serial B bacterin-toxoid vaccine at 4-week intervals. Serologic testing was conducted after vaccination to document an antibody response to vaccination. All sheep were challenge inoculated with virulent C pseudotuberculosis organisms 32 weeks after the second vaccination. Twenty weeks after challenge inoculation, all sheep were examined for external and internal abscesses secondary to C pseudotuberculosis infection. RESULTS: Vaccinated sheep developed an antibody response to both components of the vaccine, as measured by use of ELISA tests. After challenge inoculation, vaccinated sheep had significantly less external, internal, and total abscesses than control sheep. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Vaccination of sheep with a commercially available bacterin-toxoid against C pseudotuberculosis could substantially decrease the prevalence and number of abscesses that form secondary to C pseudotuberculosis infection.
The paper reviews the literature relevant to the formation of spinal epidural abscess with or without concurrent meningeal infection following epidural catheterisation. The incidence of spinal epidural abscess lies probably in the area of 1:5000 catheterisations. Immunocompromised patients and patients with catheters in situ for more than 48 hrs. are particularly prone to develop epidural abscesses. S. aureus is isolated in 35-82% of the cases. The diagnosis based upon clinical findings, laboratory studies and MRI or CT plus myelography. The mortality is 5-10%. The treatment consists of removal of the catheter, microbiological studies, surgical decompression of the spinal cord, and prolonged antibiotic treatment. It is suggested that insertion of epidural catheters is performed under strict sterility, and that disposable syringes and unbroken vials are used for each injection, which should be administered through an epidural filter. The dressing should be changed daily simultaneously with review of the patient and the insertion site.