PubMed · 284690
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H A Kreutzmann. 1978. [Ceramic coloring].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/284690/
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Very pure hydroxyapatite is diamagnetic and shows no electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum. Plasma-sprayed coatings made with such a pure hydroxyapatite contain paramagnetic point-defects. Irradiated deposits show a strong EPR absorption assigned to an O2- anion adjacent to a calcium vacancy, with anisotropic parameters, g1 = 2.004, g2 = 2.013 and g3 = 2.038. The EPR spectra and colour fade away following thermal annealing. These features are discussed in terms of point-defects in the hydroxyapatite crystal structure.
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Fifty-seven patients with orbital tumours were examined with 3.5 MHz and 5 MHz real-time sector sonography. The lesions were evaluated for their echomorphology, relationship to anatomical structures of the orbit, and extra-orbital extension. Twenty-two patients were further evaluated by Colour Doppler Flow Imaging (CDFI). The lesions were located to four compartments, namely intraocular, intraconal, extraconal and extraorbital. An attempt was made to provide a histological diagnosis on the basis of clinical features and sonographic morphology. Colour Doppler flow patterns in 22 patients were correlated with the presumed or proven histological diagnosis in an attempt to detect and classify any specific patterns. Real-time US is an excellent screening procedure in the evaluation of orbital mass lesions. CT/MRI should be added in selected cases where extra-orbital extension requires evaluation. CDFI of tumours still being in its infancy it seems promising and may help in providing a more precise pre-operative histological diagnosis non-invasively.