PubMed · 4510578
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G Wolff, J Hasse, E Grädel, K Riedl, B Claudi. 1972. [Oxygen administration in controlled quantities].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4510578/
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We studied volumetric characteristics of the ventricle in various hearts covering a wide (patho)physiological range, using the individual operating point at basal conditions. The aim of this analysis is to formulate a unifying relationship between volumetric parameters which will be applicable to cardiac ventricles regardless of underlying pathology. Analyzing our own measurements as well as additional data published elsewhere indicates that end-systolic volume (ESV) versus end-diastolic volume (EDV) yields a high linear population based correlation coefficient. This analytical expression can subsequently be used for the evaluation of clinically relevant derived indexes. For example, the new approach permits estimation of important physiological quantities such as stroke work and myocardial oxygen consumption, while isopleths and regions with equal ejection fraction can all be inscribed as linear relationships within a single graph. Based on statistical considerations, we demonstrate that in terms of correlation this new graphical representation is superior to the curve relating output (stroke volume) to input (preload) of the ventricle. We conclude that the ESV versus EDV representation facilitates insight into cardiac volumetric behavior and permits prediction of clinically relevant cardiodynamic effects, as produced by ventricular dimensional changes, for example induced by surgical or pharmacological intervention, or by the progression of cardiac disease.
OBJECTIVES: We modeled the utility of preoperative potential left ventricular (LV) volume in predicting postoperative volume in conditions causing LV compression. BACKGROUND: With right ventricular (RV) overload lesions, LV "hypoplasia" may be primarily due to compression by reverse septal bowing. If so, preoperative potential LV volume should correspond 1:1 with postoperative volume. The potential volume for a given endocardial circumference can be calculated from the maximal potential cross-sectional area (where A = circumference(2)/4pi) and LV length. METHODS: We studied echocardiographic variables from 22 patients with RV overload lesions perioperatively. RESULTS: Preoperative LV volume was 15.0 +/- 7.1 ml/m2 (59% of patients had a volume <15 ml/m2); potential volume was 20.0 +/- 9.8 ml/m2. Postoperative volume increased to 28.2 +/- 8.6 ml/m2 (100% of patients had a volume >15 ml/m2). Preoperative potential volume correlated well with, but generally underestimated, postoperative volume (r = 0.75, p < 0.0001). Postoperative increases in both LV circumference and length contributed to this discrepancy. CONCLUSIONS: In RV overload lesions, LV "hypoplasia" is primarily due not to compression; rather it is due to underfilling. Even "hypoplastic" ventricles can achieve an adequate cavity after operation normalizes loading conditions. Both true and potential preoperative volume can predict postoperative volume well. However, potential volume, which is less prone to underestimating ventricular adequacy, may better help to determine suitability for biventricular repair in lesions of RV overload associated with a "hypoplastic" LV.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between the infarction artery status and left ventricular volumes, independently of regional ventricular dysfunction, at 4-6 weeks after a first myocardial infarction. The study group consisted of 100 patients, of whom 80 received thrombolytic treatment. Coronary and contrast left ventricular angiograms were performed at 36+/-5 days postinfarction. Left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were measured. The centerline chord motion method was used to calculate the extent of wall motion abnormality (percentage of chords with hypokinetic motion) and its severity (maximum units of S.D. below the normal wall motion reference). Minimum lumen diameter, patency and collateral flow in the infarction artery were also analyzed. Eight patients (group I) showed occlusion with poor collateral flow in the infarction artery, 22 patients (group II) occlusion with good collateral flow, 38 patients (group III) severe residual stenosis (minimum lumen diameter < or = 1 mm), and 32 patients (group IV) non-severe residual stenosis (minimum lumen diameter > 1 mm). Patients from group I presented greater wall motion abnormality in terms of both extent (P=0.005) and severity (P=0.007), and greater end-diastolic (P=0.07) and end-systolic (P=0.0008) volumes; there were no differences among groups II, III and IV. By stepwise multivariate regression analysis, the extent of wall motion abnormality was the main determinant of end-diastolic (P=0.0001) and end-systolic (P=0.0001) volumes; occlusion with poor collateral flow was also a significant independent factor for end-systolic volume (P=0.03). Total occlusion (including both with and without collaterals) and the minimum lumen diameter did not correlate with end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes. We concluded that (A) the extent of regional dysfunction is the primary determinant of left ventricular volumes at 4-6 weeks postinfarction. (B) The status of the infarction artery is a weak predictor of end-diastolic volume, which is the best descriptor of ventricular remodeling, although occlusion with poor collateral flow is associated to larger end-systolic volume.