PubMed · 4543769
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R J Spencer, H L Coates, M J Anderson. 1974. Colonoscopic polypectomies.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4543769/
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The G12 subfamily of heterotrimeric G proteins, comprised of the alpha-subunits Galpha12 and Galpha13, has been implicated as a signaling component in cellular processes ranging from cytoskeletal changes to cell growth and oncogenesis. In an attempt to elucidate specific roles of this subfamily in cell regulation, we sought to identify molecular targets of Galpha12. Here we show a specific interaction between the G12 subfamily and the cytoplasmic tails of several members of the cadherin family of cell-surface adhesion proteins. Galpha12 or Galpha13 binding causes dissociation of the transcriptional activator beta-catenin from cadherins. Furthermore, in cells lacking the adenomatous polyposis coli protein required for beta-catenin degradation, expression of mutationally activated Galpha12 or Galpha13 causes an increase in beta-catenin-mediated transcriptional activation. These findings provide a potential molecular mechanism for the previously reported cellular transforming ability of the G12 subfamily and reveal a link between heterotrimeric G proteins and cellular processes controlling growth and differentiation.
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An NMR method was developed for measuring the isotopic enrichment of glutathione in extracts of cells fed a medium containing [3, 3'-13C2]cystine. Two sublines of human mammary adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells were exposed to growth medium containing the labeled cystine for varying periods, treated with monobromobimane, harvested, and extracted with perchloric acid. The glutathione-bimane adduct was partially purified by solid-phase extraction before analysis by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The isotopic enrichment of the beta-carbon of the cysteinyl residue of glutathione was determined directly in the cell extracts without further purification. These isotopic enrichment data can be used to determine the rate of synthesis of glutathione in cell and tissue extracts.