PubMed · 5018681
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L T Wagers, A W Young, S F Ryan. 1972. Linear melorheostotic scleroderma.. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb02232.x
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Decellularized tissues provide biological cues owing to the wealth of structural and regulatory factors that promote angiogenesis, adipogenesis, and myogenesis and facilitate neurite outgrowth. Here, we demonstrated the advantages of decellularized adipose tissue (adipoECM) over defined collagen-based biomaterials for host tissue integration. Three batches of human adipose tissue were decellularized using a rapid decellularization protocol and analyzed using mass spectrometry. To assess the biological activity of the decellularized materials, adipoECM and a reference standard of care biomaterial (Integra®DRT, also containing collagen I and glycosaminoglycans) were implanted subcutaneously, but far from the wound bed (in anatomical potential spaces) of immunocompetent BALB/c mice. The mice were euthanized in the acute (1 day) and chronic (day 60) inflammatory reaction phases, followed by biomaterial excision and Masson’s trichrome immunohistofluorescence imaging of the paraffin-embedded specimens. Each batch of processed tissue passed a quality control check, showing a low level of donor genomic DNA, lack of nuclei, lipids, endotoxins, and bacterial contamination. Mass spectrometry revealed that all batches of decellularized tissue mainly contained collagen I and, to a lesser degree, collagen III, collagen IV, collagen V, laminin, fibrillin, fibronectin, tenascin, and elastin. No acute inflammatory reaction was observed in either material one day post-transplantation. At 60 days post-implantation, different cell types were detected in adipoECM specimens, whereas Integra®DRT remained acellular. Additional immunohistochemical staining of adipoECM revealed CD31-positive cells in the blood vessels. Mesenchymal (CD90 positive) and myeloid (CD14 positive) cells were also detected. Primary cell types involved in soft tissue healing and remodeling were found in the adipoECM-treated group. The ingrowth of blood vessels and mesenchymal cells confirmed the effective integration of adipoECM with host tissues. Our results demonstrate that decellularized adipose tissue implanted away from the wound bed possesses contextual biological activities that promote efficient integration with host tissues.
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), agonists for PPARs, have been shown to block the inhibitory effects of TNF-alpha on insulin action using cultured cells. In order to clarify the in vivo effects of TZDs on the inhibition of insulin sensitivity by TNF-alpha, insulin action in muscles and adipose tissues was assessed in the TNF-alpha-overexpression mice model using transplantation of cells secreting the TNF-alpha protein. After the pioglitazone treatment for 4 weeks, glucose uptake, insulin-induced IRS-1 phosphorylation, and lipoprotein lipase mRNA levels were analyzed. Pioglitazone did not ameliorate TNF-alpha-induced hyperinsulinemia in this model, as assessed by the OGTT. Glucose uptake and lipoprotein lipase mRNA levels were decreased by TNF-alpha in adipose tissues from the TNF-alpha-overexpressing mice, and pioglitazone blocked these inhibitions by TNF-alpha. On the other hand, in muscles, pioglitazone did not reverse the effects of TNF-alpha on insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS-1, glucose uptake, and lipoprotein lipase mRNA levels. Present study revealed the different sensitivities of pioglitazone for the recovery of decreased insulin action in a TNF-alpha-overexpressing model using cell transplantation. These results suggest that the effect of TZDs is dependent on the fat distribution and accumulation in humans.
OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the applicability, precision, and accuracy of the new EchoMRI quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) method for in-vitro bovine bone analysis and in-vivo whole-body-composition analysis of conscious live mice. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: bovine tibia bone samples were measured by QMR and dual-energy X-ray adsorptiometry (DEXA). Repeated measures of whole-body composition were made using live and dead mice with different levels of fat by QMR and DEXA and by classic chemical analysis of the mouse carcass. RESULTS: bone-mineral density (BMD) and bone-mineral content (BMC) measured in bovine tibia by QMR and DEXA were highly correlated. Precision of fat and lean measurement in mice was found to be better for QMR than for DEXA. The coefficient of variation ( CV) for fat was 0.34-0.71% for QMR compared with 3.06-12.60% for DEXA. DISCUSSION: QMR offers more specific parameters of bone structure than does DEXA. QMR and DEXA did not differ in the total amount of fat detected in live mice but QMR had improved precision. QMR was superior to DEXA in measuring fat in very small mice. CONCLUSIONS: in bone tissue there is a strong correlation between hydrogen NMR signal and bone-mineral density as measured by X-ray. QMR provides a very precise, accurate, fast, and easy to use method for determining fat and lean mass of mice without the need for anesthesia. Its ability to detect differences and monitor changes in body composition in mice with great precision should be of great value in characterizing phenotypes and studying drugs affecting obesity.