PubMed · 8016830
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D Baumgart. 1994. Delayed sternal closure.. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1016473
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3D bioprinting has begun to show great promise in advancing the development of functional tissue/organ replacements. However, to realize the true potential of 3D bioprinted tissues for clinical use requires the fabrication of an interconnected and effective vascular network. Solving this challenge is critical, as human tissue relies on an adequate network of blood vessels to transport oxygen, nutrients, other chemicals, biological factors and waste, in and out of the tissue. Here, we have successfully designed and printed a series of novel 3D bone scaffolds with both bone formation supporting structures and highly interconnected 3D microvascular mimicking channels, for efficient and enhanced osteogenic bone regeneration as well as vascular cell growth. Using a chemical functionalization process, we have conjugated our samples with nano hydroxyapatite (nHA), for the creation of novel micro and nano featured devices for vascularized bone growth. We evaluated our scaffolds with mechanical testing, hydrodynamic measurements and in vitro human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) adhesion (4 h), proliferation (1, 3 and 5 d) and osteogenic differentiation (1, 2 and 3 weeks). These tests confirmed bone-like physical properties and vascular-like flow profiles, as well as demonstrated enhanced hMSC adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Additional in vitro experiments with human umbilical vein endothelial cells also demonstrated improved vascular cell growth, migration and organization on micro-nano featured scaffolds.
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Displacement of bone graft particles during their placement, neck flap closure, and insertion of the freeze-dried mandibular crib housing the graft to the glenoid fossa is a commonly encountered problem during major mandibular reconstruction with autogenous particulate cancellous bone and marrow. Autologous fibrin adhesive proved to be a solution as demonstrated in a series of 33 cases. In addition to adhesive and hemostatic properties, it helped the remodeling process begin about 50% earlier by providing the substratum for migration of mesenchymal cells, accelerating revascularization and migration of fibroblasts, stimulating the growth of both fibroblasts and osteoblasts, and slowing the multiplication of microorganisms. Bony incorporation and remodeling were detected radiographically at the fourth postoperative week compared with the eighth week in bone grafts without autologous fibrin adhesive.