PubMed · 8134337
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A L Roskies. 1994-03-15. Mapping memory with positron emission tomography.. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.6.1989
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The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to demonstrate that performance of visual spatial and visual nonspatial working memory tasks involve the same regions of the lateral prefrontal cortex when all factors unrelated to the type of stimulus material are appropriately controlled. These results provide evidence that spatial and nonspatial working memory may not be mediated, respectively, by mid-dorsolateral and mid-ventrolateral regions of the frontal lobe, as widely assumed, and support the alternative notion that specific regions of the lateral prefrontal cortex make identical executive functional contributions to both spatial and nonspatial working memory.
Society demands for exactness and low complication rates of surgical treatment are high. Surgical training in the apprentice manner has been significantly reduced in Denmark since 1981 and e.g. the ability to visualize in three dimensions among younger neurosurgeons has diminished. Computer technology now makes it possible to create 3-D images that with incorporation of functionality leads to a faster and better understanding of neuroanatomy. In addition--for the sake of precision--true robotic instrumentation and navigational instruments have been introduced. The technological investments are compensated by reduced costs due to operative complications. A prerequisite for these developments are a close collaboration between medical doctors and engineers, keeping the respect for humanity intact. A survey of developmental areas in the neurosurgical techniques of today is given.
We examined regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during a long-term recognition memory task for words in schizophrenic patients and in healthy subjects using positron emission tomography (PET). The task was designed so that performance scores were similar in the patient and control subjects. This memory retrieval task did not increase rCBF in the patients' prefrontal cortex, precuneus and cerebellum as much as it did in the control group. These results point to a dysfunctional corticocerebellar circuit leading to poorly coordinated mental activity ('cognitive dysmetria'), which could explain the broad range of schizophrenic symptoms. In addition, other brain areas were more activated by the task in the patient group than in the control group and may form a compensatory network performing the memory retrieval task by assisting or replacing the dysfunctional cortico-cerebellar circuit.