PubMed · 8178159
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T G Keens, S L Ward. 1994-05-20. SIDS research.. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.8178159
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UNLABELLED: Rotavirus (RV), a common cause of infectious enteritis in young children including neonates, has not been associated with central nervous symptoms in standard textbooks. However, involvement of the CNS has been reported recently in case reports and small series. From 786 neonatal admissions in 1991 we retrospectively analysed the records of 215 inpatient neonates (68 preterm and 147 term infants) who developed diarrhoea during their stay on the neonatal ward and in whom stools were investigated for RV antigen by ELISA. All 215 neonates were continuously monitored for bradycardia-apnoea-episodes (BAE) at least 2 days before and during the entire diarrhoeal period. In neonates with RV antigen in stools (n = 114) we found a higher incidence of BAE compared to neonates with RV negative stools (33% vs 8%, P < 0.001 for bradycardia; 7% vs 0%, P < 0.05 for apnoea). Furthermore, bradycardia episodes of RV positive neonates were more often followed by cyanosis (11 vs 0%, P < 0.05) and intervention was more often necessary (31 vs 14%, P < 0.05) than in the RV negative neonates. CONCLUSION: RV infection was associated with a high incidence of BAE in neonates with diarrhoea during the acute phase of disease suggesting CNS involvement.
Two particularly common, and frequently frightening, forms of syncope and anoxic seizure in early childhood are pallid and cyanotic breath-holding spells. Pallid breath-holding spells result from exuberant vagally-mediated cardiac inhibition. Cyanotic breath-holding spells are of more complex pathogenesis, involving an interplay among hyperventilation, Valsalva maneuver, expiratory apnea, and intrinsic pulmonary mechanisms. The history is the mainstay of diagnosis; videotape documentation may be possible. Performance of an electrocardiogram to evaluate for prolonged QT syndrome should be strongly considered. In patients with pallid breath-holding spells, a characteristic sequence of changes may be documented on an electroencephalogram with ocular compression, if this study is performed. Spontaneous resolution of breath-holding spell, without sequelae, is anticipated. Reassurance is the mainstay of therapy. Occasionally, pharmacologic intervention may be of benefit.