PubMed · 8292189
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M Helfand, J Schmittner. 1993-11-17. Screening for thyroid dysfunction: which test is best?. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.270.19.2297
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Pre-exposure rabies vaccination should comprise 3 injections (day 0, day 7, day 28) followed by boosters 1 year later then every 5 years. Populations who are particularly exposed due to occupation, regular contact with animals in endemic areas during leisure activities or holidays should be vaccinated, especially if access to post-exposure treatment is difficult. Post-exposure treatment should comprise 5 injections (day 0, day 3, day 7, day 14, day 28) which must be given with specific immunoglobulins on day 0 if there are penetrating wounds. In persons whose prior vaccination status is well-documented and correctly maintained, post-exposure treatment may be limited to 2 injections on day 0 and day 3. The vaccine is given is intramuscular injection in the deltoid region. Immunoglobulins are used at the dose of 20 IU/kg for human immunoglobulins and at 40 IU/kg for horse immunoglobulins. The injections are infiltrated around the lesions and the remaining quantity injected in the gluteus muscle. Seroconversion must be monitored by assaying neutralizing antibodies (titre > or = 0.5 IU/ml with the RFFI Test) in vaccinated populations who regularly exposed. Monitoring can also be useful after post-exposure treatment in certain specific cases (immunosuppressed subjects, treatment protocol incorrectly or incompletely applied). An antibody titre under 0.5 IU/ml requires an immediate vaccine injection.
This article reports the findings of a survey of nurses' knowledge and anxieties about intravenous (i.v.) therapy. The anonymised questionnaire survey canvassed nurses' views on education in the use of i.v. devices, complications arising from i.v. therapy, and which side-effects caused them greatest concern for patient welfare. The author reports widespread dissatisfaction with the level of education that is provided and cites published guidelines and reports which can help to inform nurses.
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