PubMed · 8437463
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R Berg. 1993-02-17. [The Ljusdal method is not considerate].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8437463/
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Endometrial carcinoma is listed among the absolute contra-indications to hormone therapy. After all the existing opinions so far, hormone therapy after FIGO stage I or II endometrial cancer is still thought of as a possibility, and up to now the continuous combined oestrogen/progestogen replacement therapy would be recommended. However, until today, only observational studies have been put forward. Although no study has established an increased rate of recurrences or mortality, alternatives such as phytopreparations, tibolone, or, in, particular, psychotherapeutic drugs such as venlafaxine should be considered for the relief of climacteric complaints. Progestogen-only therapy also comes particularly into question. Indeed, the wider discussion about the gestagen effects regarding the risks of breast cancer is to be considered. Generally, after hysterectomy, at least for patients with cardiovascular risk factors, the preference today is to use low-dose oestrogen therapy (patches, gels) instead of continuous combined oestrogen/progestogen replacement therapy, and this also is now recommended for patients after endometrial cancer. This is to be noted because of the risk factors for endometrial carcinomas, such as hypertension, obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome, diabetes mellitus, etc. However, each form of hormone therapy should only be exceptionally recommended, and the patients must be informed about the risks that exist and the use of alternatives.
AIM: To review and summarize the current literature regarding M2A wireless capsule endoscopy. METHODS: Peer reviewed publications regarding the use of capsule endoscopy as well as our personal experience were reviewed. RESULTS: Review of the literature clearly showed that capsule endoscopy was superior to enteroscopy, small bowel follow through and computerized tomography in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, iron deficiency anemia, or suspected Crohn's disease. It was very sensitive for the diagnosis of small bowel tumors and for surveillance of small bowel pathology in patients with Gardner syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome. Its role in celiac disease and in patients with known Crohn's disease was currently being investigated. CONCLUSION: Capsule video endoscopy is a superior and more sensitive diagnostic tool than barium follow through, enteroscopy and entero-CT in establishing the diagnosis of many small bowel pathologies.
The first heart transplantation in the Nordic countries was performed at Rikshospitalet in Oslo, Norway in 1983 and the method is now accepted as a good treatment for selected patients. In this article we present a review of heart transplantation as it is practiced in our hospital. Because of donor shortage, the selection criteria are strict. It is most important that the patients are motivated and able to cooperate. They should be in heart failure class IV (III-IV) on the best medical treatment with no other treatment alternatives. Estimated survival without transplantation should be less than 6-12 months. Important contraindications are concurrent diseases with a more severe prognosis than that expected after transplantation. One-year and ten-year survival after transplantation at Rikshospitalet are 85% and 53%. The most important causes of death in the early postoperative period are rejection and infections. Later, the most frequent causes of death are accelerated coronary artery disease and cancer. Collaboration between the referring physician and the transplant centre is essential for a better prognosis for heart failure and after transplantation.