PubMed · 8616724
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R Muthupillai, R L Ehman. 1996. Magnetic resonance elastography.. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm0596-601
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The aim of this work is to study the effect of operating frequency, piezoelectric substrate and waveguide layer thickness on the sensitivity of the acoustic waveguide sensor during the specific binding of an antibody by a protein. Shear horizontal (SH) wave devices consisting of (a) a LiTaO3 substrate operating at 104 MHz, (b) a quartz substrate operating at 108 MHz and (c) a quartz substrate operating at 155 MHz were coated with a photoresist polymer layer in order to produce acoustic waveguide devices supporting a Love wave. The effect of the thickness of the polymer layer on the Love wave was assessed by measuring the amplitude and phase of the wave before and after coating. The sensitivity of the above three biosensors was compared during the detection of the specific binding of different concentrations of Immunoglobulin G in the range of 0.7-667 nM to a protein A modified surface. Results indicate that the thickness of the polymer guiding layer is critical for obtaining the maximum sensitivity for a given geometry but a trade-off has to be made between the theoretically determined optimum thickness for waveguiding and the device insertion loss. It was also found that increasing the frequency of operation results in a further increase in the device sensitivity to protein detection.
We previously used pulsed photoacoustic spectroscopy (PPAS) to quantify sunscreen diffusion into human skin, and suggested a methodology to evaluate the time and the depth diffusion profile. These results were obtained by the analysis of the photoacoustic maximum response signal Pmax decrease, the time delay tmax and the Fourier transform representation of the photoacoustic signal. In this study we present the results obtained for diffusion of four typical emulsions used in sunscreen compositions that show, for the first time, a particular behaviour for one of these emulsions due to a chemical reaction inside the skin during the diffusion process. This result provides a particularly interesting technique through the PPAS, to evaluate in situ the eventual chemical reactions that can occur during drug diffusion into human skin.
Detecting cells and microorganisms in different matrices is becoming an increasingly important task in a variety of fields including bioprocess control, food technology, health care, and environmental analysis. In this review, fast on-line detection methods for this purpose are presented including different recognition and transducer strategies.