PubMed · 9443143
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H A Lancer. 1998. Lancer Ethnicity Scale (LES). https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9101(1998)22%3A1%3C9%3A%3Aaid-lsm4%3E3.0.co%3B2-t
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Pygopagus conjoined twins were born by caesarean section at 34 weeks of gestation. Initial evaluation revealed no other abnormalities apart from their attachment at lower back, buttocks and perineum. They had two separate anal and urogenital openings. Their investigations included roentgenograms, ultrasound, barium enema, cystourethrogram, CT scan and MRI. There were two separate spinal columns fused distally at the lower sacral level. Lower gastrointestinal studies showed two separate rectums and cystourethrogram showed normal and separate urinary tracts. MRI showed a single dural sac between two fused sacral bones with no other vertebral anomalies. They were successfully separated with primary skin closure using V-shaped flaps.