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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Design of a database with graphical analysis for X-ray quality assurance and dose information to assist in a programme for patient dose reduction.

A database system has been set up on an IBM PC to store X-ray quality assurance (QA) data and patient doses for all X-ray equipment operated by Grampian Health Board. Graphical analysis facilities have been developed to display data in a readily understandable form. Data on equipment specifications, QA test results, exposure factors for standard examinations, and thermoluminescent dosemeter (TLD) measurements of patient skin doses are stored in separate forms. X-ray machine outputs are fitted to a simple polynomial equation, and the data combined with information on exposure factors to calculate entrance doses for selected examinations. Data such as filtration and backscatter factors are derived from look-up tables for use in dose calculations. Histogram comparisons can be made between calculated doses, means of TLD measurements and National Radiological Protection Board reference levels to allow units giving high skin doses to be identified so that corrective actin can be taken.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Graphical display of fMRI data: visualizing multidimensional space.

Visualization of multidimensional data is an integral part of computational statistics and exploratory data analysis (EDA). We show how visualization of fMRI time-courses may be used to reveal the fMRI data structure. We consider fMRI time-courses (TCs) as points in multidimensional space. In simulated and in vivo data, we show that minimum spanning tree (MST)-based sequencing of multivariate time-courses, in combination with a homogeneity map visualization, allows for effective and useful graphical display of the groups of coactivated time-courses obtained by temporal clustering. This display may serve as a tool for investigation of brain connectivity. We also suggest a simple overall display of the entire fMRI data set.

Artifacts↗
PubMed2005

CGHAnalyzer: a stand-alone software package for cancer genome analysis using array-based DNA copy number data.

SUMMARY: This synopsis provides an overview of array-based comparative genomic hybridization data display, abstraction and analysis using CGHAnalyzer, a software suite, designed specifically for this purpose. CGHAnalyzer can be used to simultaneously load copy number data from multiple platforms, query and describe large, heterogeneous datasets and export results. Additionally, CGHAnalyzer employs a host of algorithms for microarray analysis that include hierarchical clustering and class differentiation. AVAILABILITY: CGHAnalyzer, the accompanying manual, documentation and sample data are available for download at http://acgh.afcri.upenn.edu. This is a Java-based application built in the framework of the TIGR MeV that can run on Microsoft Windows, Macintosh OSX and a variety of Unix-based platforms. It requires the installation of the free Java Runtime Environment 1.4.1 (or more recent) (http://www.java.sun.com).

Algorithms↗
PubMed1994

[Integrated and automated data analysis for neuronal activation studies using positron emission tomography: methodology and applications].

A data analysis method was developed for neuronal activation studies using [15O]water positron emission tomography (PET). The method consists of several procedures including intra-subject head motion correction (co-registration), detection of the mid-sagittal plane of the brain, detection of the intercommissural (AC-PC) line, linear scaling and non-linear warping for anatomical standardization, pixel-by-piexl statistical analysis, and data display. All steps are performed in three dimensions and are fully automated. Each step was validated using a brain phantom, computer simulations, and data from human subjects, demonstrating accuracy and reliability of the procedure. The method was applied to human neuronal activation studies using vibratory and visual stimulations. The method detected significant blood flow increases in the primary sensory cortices as well as in other regions such as the secondary sensory cortex and cerebellum. The proposed method should enhance application of PET neuronal activation studies to the investigation of higher-order human brain functions.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Capnometers.

The process of monitoring carbon dioxide in the respired gas is described. The physical principle employed in many capnometers is nondispersive infrared absorption: An infrared light beam is projected through a gas sample and the intensity of transmitted light is measured. Differentiation between sidestream and mainstream capnometers is made, where appropriate, in the description of this process. Important factors such as sampling flow rate, water removal, exhaust gas scavenging, measurement interference, calibration, the effect of water vapor, and measurement chamber cleaning are described as part of this process. The value of the data displayed, once derived, is based on the knowledge that carbon dioxide is an end product of the metabolism of oxygen-consuming organisms. The data can be a useful indicator of metabolic, circulatory, and ventilatory processes.

Breath Tests↗
PubMed2005

Prerequisites for peptidomic analysis of blood samples: I. Evaluation of blood specimen qualities and determination of technical performance characteristics.

Proteomics studies aiming at a detailed analysis of proteins, and peptidomics, aiming at the analysis of the low molecular weight proteome (peptidome) offer a promising approach to discover novel biomarkers valuable for different crucial steps in detection, prevention and treatment of disease. Much emphasis has been given to the analysis of blood, since this source would by far offer the largest number of meaningful biomarker applications. Blood is a complex liquid tissue that comprises cells and extra-cellular fluid. The choice of suitable specimen collection is crucial to minimize artificial occurring processes during specimen collection and preparation (e.g. cell lysis, proteolysis). After specimen collection, sample preparation for peptidomics is carried out by physical methods (filtration, gel-chromatography, precipitation) which allow for separation based on molecular size, with and without immunodepletion of major abundant proteins. Differential Peptide Display (DPD) is an offline-coupled combination of Reversed-Phase-HPLC and MALDI mass spectrometry in combination with in-house developed data display and analysis tools. Identifications of peptides are carried out by additional mass spectrometric methods (e.g. online LC-ESI-MS/MS). In the work presented here, insights into semi-quantitative mass spectrometric profiling of plasma peptides by DPD are given. This includes proper specimen selection (plasma vs. serum), sample preparation, especially peptide extraction, the determination of sensitivity (i.e. by establishing detection limits of exogenously spiked peptides), the reproducibility for individual as well as for all peptides (Coefficient of Variation calculations) and quantification (correlation between signal intensity and concentration). Finally, the implications for clinical peptidomics are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Axonal polyneuropathy in Chagas disease].

We report the case of a 44-year-old woman presenting with chronic symmetrical, sensitive polyneuropathy on the lower limbs in the course of Chagas' disease. The electrophysiological findings were in keeping with axonal degeneration. The histological data displayed axonal degeneration with perivascular inflammatory mononuclear cells in the epineurium, with some neutrophils and eosinophils. Mononuclear cells surrounding endoneurial vessels were observed. Laboratory data did not suggest neither a mixed connective tissue disease nor a collagen vascular disorder. Hematological disease, malignancies, drug-or medicine-induced neuropathy were ruled out. The polyneuropathy in this case was probably related to Trypanosoma cruzi infection on account of the presence of high levels of anti-T. cruzi antibodies, and an immune mechanism might play a role in the vasculitic process.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Technologies for haptic systems in telemedicine.

The ability to image the elastic properties of tissue is potentially useful in a variety of applications. The field of elastic imaging has grown in response to the potential use of such information in medical diagnosis. Real time ultrasound elastography represents a recent development in determining strain and elasticity distributions. Nevertheless, commonly used imaging techniques rely on the interpretation of two dimensional visual data displayed on a video screen. In reality however, physicians often prefer tactile exploration making the simultaneous portrayal of both video and haptic information most desirable. Since the 1970's many alphanumeric to tactile data conversion methods have been investigated, mainly with the ultimate aim of assisting the blind. More recently, interest has been directed toward the display of pictures on haptically explorable surfaces--Tactile imaging. Such a system would allow surgeons to examine hard sectors contained within soft tissue, and thereby assist in operations held remotely. The expansion of ultrasound elastography to 3D formats would mean the ability to haptically explore regions of the body normally inaccessible to human hands. For three-dimensional imaging the acquisition of sequential tomographic slices using Elastography, combined with image segmentation, enables the reconstruction, quantification and visualisation of tumour volumes. In a collaborative project between four research institutes, the aim is to produce a prototype three dimensional tactile displays comprising electrically switchable micromachined cells, whose mechanical moduli are governed by phase changes experienced by electrorheological and/or magnetorheological fluids. This will be integrated with a sensory ultrasonic elastography in order to present the human fingers with controllable surfaces capable of emulating biological tissue, muscle and bone.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2004

d-matrix - database exploration, visualization and analysis.

BACKGROUND: Motivated by a biomedical database set up by our group, we aimed to develop a generic database front-end with embedded knowledge discovery and analysis features. A major focus was the human-oriented representation of the data and the enabling of a closed circle of data query, exploration, visualization and analysis. RESULTS: We introduce a non-task-specific database front-end with a new visualization strategy and built-in analysis features, so called d-matrix. d-matrix is web-based and compatible with a broad range of database management systems. The graphical outcome consists of boxes whose colors show the quality of the underlying information and, as the name suggests, they are arranged in matrices. The granularity of the data display allows consequent drill-down. Furthermore, d-matrix offers context-sensitive categorization, hierarchical sorting and statistical analysis. CONCLUSIONS: d-matrix enables data mining, with a high level of interactivity between humans and computer as a primary factor. We believe that the presented strategy can be very effective in general and especially useful for the integration of distinct data types such as phenotypical and molecular data.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Data analysis for continuous EEG monitoring in the ICU: seeing the forest and the trees.

Continuous EEG monitoring (CEEG) is a powerful tool for evaluating cerebral function in obtunded and comatose critically ill patients. The ongoing analysis of CEEG data is a major task because of the volume of data generated during monitoring and the need for near real-time interpretation of a patient's EEG patterns. Advances in digital EEG data acquisition, computer processing, data transmission, and data display have made CEEG monitoring in the intensive care unit technically feasible. A variety of quantitative EEG tools such as Fourier analysis and amplitude-integrated EEG, and other methods of data analysis such as computerized seizure detection, increasingly allow for focused review of EEG epochs of potential interest. These tools reduce the tremendous time burdens that accompany analysis of the complete CEEG data stream, and allow bedside personnel and nonexpert staff to potentially recognize significant EEG changes in a timely fashion. This article uses literature review and clinical case examples to illustrate techniques for the display and analysis of intensive care unit CEEG recordings. Areas requiring further research and development are discussed.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1989

Distributed computer system for capture, analysis and display of biological data.

A distributed real-time computer system has been developed to automate the collection, analysis and display of biological (pharmacological) data. It comprises a series of laboratory interface devices (CED 1401/1609) connected to a micro-VAX II via multiple IEEE-488 buses. The micro-VAX II is integrated to the main site computers using Ethernet running DECnet. The micro-VAX II system supports a multi-user, multipreparation and multitasking environment and it provides rapid transfer, storage, analysis and display of data. The system saves the pharmacologists from the manual analysis of their data, typically saving them four days of analysis per experiment and has improved both the quality of data detected and their subsequent analysis. Also, the development of a standard data capture procedure on common hardware along with the modular design of application software has almost quartered project development times.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of online documentation.

The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (UIHC) implemented an online documentation system for patient care orders in 1994-1996. Developed entirely in-house, the INFORMM NIS (Information Network for Online Retrieval & Medical Management Nursing Information System) features order-generated task lists, defaulted charting responses, computer-generated chart forms, and graphical data displays. To measure the impact of automation on user perceptions, and documentation compliance, completeness, time, and location, a team of nursing and information systems representatives captured data before and after implementation. Staff surveys show more positive user perceptions. Documentation results indicate increased compliance and completeness, and a decrease or no change in time. Online documentation occurs mainly at unit workstations.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1984

Competitive inhibition by the D-isomer in racemic mixtures used as substrate in kinetic studies: a simple method for data treatment.

A set of equations was applied that allows the use of racemic mixtures for the estimation of kinetic parameters in systems where the L-isomer is substrate and the D-isomer a competitive inhibitor, displaying data as double reciprocal plots. A statistical treatment was introduced that renders compatible the output of presently available programs with the specific model requirements, with few additional calculations. An example is shown with beta-trypsin and its inhibition of benzozyl-D-arginine p-nitroanilide (Ki = 1.12 mM, pH 8,0, 37 degrees C).

Benzoylarginine Nitroanilide↗
PubMed1984

Study of sleep-wakefulness states by computer graphics and cluster analysis before and after lesions of the pontine tegmentum in the cat.

A computerized method of quantification, graphic representation and classification of sleep-wakefulness data in the cat before and after pontine tegmental lesions has been presented. Electrophysiological signal features including average EEG amplitude, average EMG amplitude and PGO spike rate which are particularly important for the definition of sleep-wakefulness states have been quantified for each 1 min epoch in the day. The data were presented in a projected 3-dimensional data display, in which they formed clusters that are considered to be analogous to sleep-wakefulness states. A cluster analysis algorithm was employed for the automatic classification of these data, and this automatic classification was compared graphically and with contingency table analyses to traditional visual assessment of state from polygraphic records. Although there were systematic differences in the locations of state boundaries, total percent agreement between cluster analysis classification and traditional human classification was comparable to the percent agreement between any two human classifiers (about 90%). After pontine tegmental lesions involving both the gigantocellular and lateral tegmental fields, paradoxical sleep was eliminated, and the characteristics of slow wave sleep and wakefulness were altered. The elimination of the state of paradoxical sleep was evident in the computer display by the absence of the paradoxical sleep cluster, and alterations of the other states were indicated in the display by shifts in the positions of their respective clusters. Automatic classification of slow wave sleep and wakefulness after such lesions compared well with traditional classification, attesting to the validity of this approach.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modeling ventricular function during cardiac assist: does time-varying elastance work?

The time-varying elastance theory of Suga et al. is widely used to simulate left ventricular function in mathematical models and in contemporary in vitro models. We investigated the validity of this theory in the presence of a left ventricular assist device. Left ventricular pressure and volume data are presented that demonstrate the heart-device interaction for a positive-displacement pump (Novacor) and a rotary blood pump (Medos). The Novacor was implanted in a calf and used in fixed-rate mode (85 BPM), whereas the Medos was used at several flow levels (0-3 l/min) in seven healthy sheep. The Novacor data display high beat-to-beat variations in the amplitude of the elastance curve, and the normalized curves deviate strongly from the typical bovine curve. The Medos data show how the maximum elastance depends on the pump flow level. We conclude that the original time-varying elastance theory insufficiently models the complex hemodynamic behavior of a left ventricle that is mechanically assisted, and that there is need for an updated ventricular model to simulate the heart-device interaction.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Standardized care plans: experiences of nurses in Taiwan.

BACKGROUND: Nursing care plans have been viewed as structured plans of action for patient care. Studies have investigated the outcomes or effectiveness of using different types of care plans, but have seldom reported nurses' perceptions of using care plans in daily practice. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to explore nurses' experiences using a standardized care plan. DESIGN: Nineteen clinical nurses at a teaching hospital in Taiwan were interviewed one-on-one and in depth from April to June 2000. Data analysis was based on Miles and Huberman's data reduction, data display, and a conclusion verification process to identify themes and concepts that represented nurses' experiences using a care plan. RESULTS: The following themes emerged from the interview data: being reminded of care procedures, time-saving in making care plans, time-consuming in making shift reports, undesirable content design, and paperwork-oriented/not patient-centered. CONCLUSION: With the considerable amounts of money spent on education and training to meet nurses' needs, a careful examination of nurses' experiences in using care plans, should assist in care plan development and lead to observable effects on patient care. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Nursing documentation reflects nurses' observations, assessments, and interventions. It is expected that better use of standardized care plans will enhance nurses' access to appropriate and accurate information in decision-making, thus improving the charting process and care quality.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Dynamic scaling of the critical binary mixture methanol-hexane.

Acoustical attenuation spectrometry, dynamic light scattering, shear viscosity, density, and heat capacity measurements of the methanol/n-hexane mixture of critical composition have been performed. The critical part in the sonic attenuation coefficients nicely fits to the empirical scaling function of the Bhattacharjee-Ferrell [Phys. Rev. A 24, 1643 (1981)] dynamic scaling model if the theoretically predicted scaled half-attenuation frequency Omega(12) (BF)=2.1 is used. The relaxation rates of order parameter fluctuations, as resulting from the acoustical spectra, within the limits of experimental error agree with those from a combined evaluation of the light scattering and shear viscosity measurements. Both series of data display power law with amplitude Gamma(0)=44x10(9) s(-1). The amplitude of the fluctuation correlation length follows as xi(0)=0.33 nm from the light scattering data and as xi(0)=0.32 nm from the amplitude of the singular part of the heat capacity if the two-scale factor universality relation is used. The adiabatic coupling constant g=0.11 results from the amplitude of the critical contribution to the acoustical spectrum near the critical point, in conformity with g=0.12 as following from the variation of the critical temperature with pressure along the critical line and the thermal expansion coefficient.

Journal Article↗