SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “GENITOURINARY TRACT”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2001

Leiomyoma of the genitourinary tract.

OBJECTIVE: To review our experience and the literature with respect to leiomyomas of the genitourinary tract with special emphasis on the role of the clinical presentation and imaging studies in the differential diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During a period of 35 years in our department, five patients were treated with symptomatic leiomyomas, originating from the renal pelvis, bladder, urethra and epididymis. All the cases were diagnosed after exploration, excision and histological examination of the specimen. Following the presentation of the five cases of leiomyomas of the genitourinary tract, we reviewed the literature with special emphasis on the modern imaging techniques, differential diagnosis and treatment approach. CONCLUSION: Complete excision followed by histological examination is the most reliable means of distinguishing leiomyoma from other more common and usually malignant tumors of the genitourinary tract.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Prognostic and therapeutic observations of manifestations in the genitourinary tract of adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum.

To evaluate the significance of involvement of the genitourinary tract in adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum, we received the records of 178 patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum admitted to the University of Massachusetts Medical Center from 1980 to 1985. Sixty-eight patients (38 per cent) had urologic manifestations categorized as ureteral obstruction or injury (34 per cent), invasion to the bladder or prostate, or both (10 per cent), isolated gross hematuria (18 per cent), radiation cystitis (6 per cent) and neurogenic bladder (26 per cent). Involvement of the genitourinary tract was more common among patients with recurrent versus primary carcinoma (53 versus 32 per cent) and among patients with high stage (Dukes' C and D) versus low stage (Dukes' A and B) carcinoma (48 versus 21 per cent). The survival rate was worse in patients with high stage compared with low stage disease and no patient with recurrent high stage disease survived beyond three years. Short term survival (less than two years) was not statistically different among patients with or without manifestations in the genitourinary tract: 63 and 45 versus 71 and 66 per cent at one and two years, respectively; however, the five year survival rate was worse among patients with genitourinary involvement (30 versus 54 per cent, p less than 0.05). Surgical and endoscopic intervention of the urinary tract was performed upon 36 patients with Dukes' C and D carcinoma because of life-threatening sepsis or azotemia, or both.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Actuarial Analysis↗

PubMed1985

The value of urinary neopterin as an immunological parameter in patients with malignant tumors of the genitourinary tract.

In 153 patients with verified neoplasias of the genitourinary tract, urinary neopterin excretion was monitored under different conditions. As control, urinary neopterin values were taken from 208 male and 209 female volunteers. Neopterin excretion was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Patients with early tumor stages, both with bladder tumor and carcinoma of the prostate, presented almost normal urinary neopterin levels. The difference of urinary neopterin excretion between low and high stages in bladder tumor (T0-1 versus T2-4) as well in carcinoma of the prostate (stage A-B versus stage C-D) is highly significant (p less than 0.001). In the group of patients with renal cell carcinoma we could not find any correlation between tumor stage and neopterin excretion. The basal urinary neopterin values in patients with testicle tumors were as follows: 1 of 6 patients stage-I seminomatous tumors and 2 of 4 patients with stage-I non-seminomatous tumors demonstrated elevated neopterin levels. In the higher stages all patients, in both groups, exhibited pathologically increased neopterin excretion. During therapy and follow-up: all 24 stage-I (seminomatous and non-seminomatous tumors) patients showed normal neopterin levels: 1 of 3 stage-II (non-seminomatous tumors) patients and all 5 stage-IV (seminomatous and non-seminomatous tumors) patients had elevated urinary neopterin excretion. Our experience suggests that neopterin measurements may supplement laboratory examinations in patients with malignant tumor diseases of the genitourinary tract, providing meaningful information in regard to early detection of tumor progression, tumor recurrence and follow-up.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

[Diagnostic difficulties in genitourinary tract tuberculosis in a 28-year old woman].

The diagnostic difficulties are presented in a case of genitourinary tract tuberculosis in a 28-year-old woman. Sarcoid granulation tissue without the features of caseous necrosis which was found during histopathological examination of the tissues taken from the patient during laparotomy, suggested genitourinary tract sarcoidosis. The whole clinical picture together with the history data and laboratory investigations, and, in the first place, positive culture of the secretion from enterocutaneous fistula for Mycobacterium tuberculosis made possible the diagnosis of genitourinary tract tuberculosis. Antituberculous treatment was instituted, obtaining a significant improvement of the general and local condition.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Genitourinary tract gas: imaging evaluation.

Gas-forming infections of the genitourinary tract may manifest as life-threatening conditions, often requiring aggressive medical and surgical management. Accurate interpretation of the radiologic studies is essential for early and accurate diagnosis of gas within the renal parenchyma or collecting system, bladder, uterus, and scrotum. Three distinct entities are associated with renal or perirenal gas: emphysematous pyelonephritis, emphysematous pyelitis, and gas-forming perirenal abscess. Gas in the bladder may occur secondary to emphysematous cystitis or a vesicoenteric fistula and must be differentiated from air introduced by means of instrumentation. Uterine gas usually indicates an underlying infection or a neoplasm. Gas in the scrotum is most commonly due to an infectious process or bowel herniation into the scrotal sac. Before institution of a specific therapeutic regimen, an effort should be made to establish the exact location of gas in the genitourinary tract. Plain radiography, including tomography, and ultrasonography are useful screening modalities. Although in some cases urography, barium enema studies, and other contrast material-enhanced studies enable a diagnosis to be made, in many patients computed tomography is the definitive diagnostic technique.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

[Urinary neopterin levels in patients with genitourinary tract malignancies].

BACKGROUND: Neopterin is released from macrophages upon stimulation with gamma-interferon, secreted by activated T cell. Therefore it has been recognized as a useful indicator of the activation of the T cell-macrophage system. Increased neopterin levels are observed in patients with acute graft rejections, viral infections, auto-immune diseases and several malignancies. Urinary neopterin concentrations were determined in patients with genitourinary tract malignancies to evaluate the usefulness of neopterin as a tumor marker. METHODS: Urinary neopterin concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography in 90 patients with genitourinary tract malignancies and 28 patients with benign urological tumors and 34 healthy subjects. RESULTS: Increased urinary neopterin levels were observed in 52% of the patients with genitourinary tract malignancies and 7% with benign urological tumors. The positivity rate in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), renal pelvic and ureteral tumor, bladder tumor (BT), prostatic carcinoma (PC) and testicular tumor was 68%, 80%, 47% and 30%, respectively. The difference in the urinary neopterin levels between low and high stages was highly significant (p < 0.0005) in patients with RCC (stage I-II vs. stage III-IV) and BT (T1S-1 VS. T2-4). The urinary neopterin levels were also correlated with the tumor grade in patients with RCC and PC. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that urinary neopterin levels may supplement laboratory examinations for patients with genitourinary tract malignancies, providing useful information in evaluating the tumor stage and follow-up of the disease.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

Hydatid disease of the genitourinary tract.

Seventeen patients were treated surgically for hydatid disease of the genitourinary tract. The diagnosis of echinococcosis was facilitated by a positive Casoni test with evidence suggestive of a cystic tumour following intravenous urography, angiography, ultrasound or renal scan. Barium enemas, cystography and cystoscopy were of great help in cases of lower urinary tract hydatid disease. Seven patients with hydatid disease of the kidney underwent nephrectomy. The other 6 patients with renal involvement had excision of the cysts only. Treatment of the 4 patients with lower genitourinary tract hydatid disease was on an individual basis. There was no mortality and no significant morbidity.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Genitourinary tract injuries in girls.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate lower genitourinary tract injuries in girls and to propose guidelines for the investigation and initial management of this unusual injury. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The hospital records of 38 girls (aged 2-13 years) treated in our institution because of lower genitourinary (LG) tract injury between 1988 and 1995 were reviewed retrospectively. Urethral ruptures were detected in six patients, but the most frequent injuries were to the vulva (63%) and vagina (53%). There were pelvic fractures in eight patients and femoral fractures in a further five. Eight patients had concomitant anorectal lacerations. Vaginal and perineal lacerations were repaired primarily and a temporary urethral catheter was placed for a mean of 3 days. Partial urethral disruptions were repaired primarily over a stenting catheter in three patients. In one case, vaginal laceration and proximal complete rupture of the urethra was managed through a transvaginal approach with end-to-end urethral anastomosis over a stenting catheter. There was a complete rupture of the distal urethra and avulsion of the external meatus in two cases and these patients were managed by urethral advancement and meatoplasty. RESULTS: Perineal physical signs did not reflect the severity of the lesions and cystovaginoscopy allowed localization of lacerations in some cases. Primary repair was possible in all cases. Three patients (8%) had wound infection after surgery. One patient had temporary urinary incontinence which was managed conservatively and one patient had faecal incontinence which needed secondary surgery. CONCLUSION: All female paediatric patients with suspected LG tract injury should undergo examination under anaesthesia to determine the degree of injury or possible concomitant injury to the urethra, bladder or rectum. Primary repair of these injuries is recommended.

Accidental Falls↗

PubMed1985

Routine fetal genitourinary tract screening.

To evaluate routine fetal genitourinary tract obstetrical ultrasound screening, and to determine what size renal pelvis is indicative of significant renal disease, we reviewed 4,832 examinations, which had been performed over 2 years, of 3,530 consecutive obstetrical patients. Any fetus that had a renal pelvis greater than 5 mm or a definable cystic area was identified for follow-up. The fetuses of 39 patients (1.1%) who underwent 112 examinations fulfilled these criteria and constitute the basis of this report. A variety of examination criteria were recorded and analyzed in relationship to the follow-up, which ranged from 2-3 days to 21 months. The fetuses of the 39 patients were grouped into three categories: those with renal pelves between 5 and 9 mm in size; those with renal pelves larger than 10 mm; and those with cystic abnormalities. Those with renal pelves larger than 10 mm had either an obstructing lesion or exceptional extrarenal pelves. The clinical and pathologic aspects of these three groups are detailed, discussed, and analyzed. Criteria for significant fetal renal hydronephrosis and aspects of a loculated appearance are given.

Dilatation, Pathologic↗

PubMed2005

Therapy and prognosis of tumors of the genitourinary tract after kidney transplantation.

There is an increased incidence of tumors of the genitourinary tract among kidney graft recipients. From 1979 to 2001, all patients who received kidney transplants had records of both their underlying diseases and their initial immunosuppression. Patients who developed a genitourinary tract malignancy were evaluated for tumor type, location, stage, tumor therapy and clinical course. During this period, 1804 patients underwent 2068 kidney transplantations. Thirty-four patients had 39 tumors of genitourinary origin. One patient was lost to follow-up. There were 15 patients with 18 renal cell carcinomas (one of them multifocal): six had seven transitional cell carcinomas; six, prostatic carcinoma; six, tumor of the female genital tract (one also had a renal cell carcinoma); and two, a seminoma. Most tumors were diagnosed in their early stages (< or = pT3, N0, M0; n = 31 tumors) and thus accessible to curative therapy, achieving good long-term results: 1- and 5-year survival rates of 100% and 91%, which were better than those obtained in advanced stages (N+, M+; n = 7 tumors), namely both 1- and 5-year survival rates of 38% (P < .05). Death was caused by tumor growth in nine patients (27%) and by other causes in three patients (9%). With appropriate treatment genitourinary tumors at early stage show a good prognosis. New immunosuppressants with supposed antiproliferative effects may help to decrease the incidence of malignancies. The most important factor is risk-adapted screening to identify malignancies early and to initiate appropriate therapy.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗

PubMed1975

Preliminary evaluation of urinary polyamines in the diagnosis of genitourinary tract malignancy.

Normal ranges for urinary polyamines have been obtained. Non-malignant genitourinary tract disease is not associated with elevated urinary polyamines. A high correlation exists between the presence of active urologic cancer and elevated urinary excretion of polyamines. Post-treatment polyamines correlate with the continued presence or absence of genitourinary tract malignancy.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1975

Angiographic management of bleeding secondary to genitourinary tract surgery.

Angiographic methods were applied to control bleeding in 2 patients following genitourinary tract operations. In 1 patient hemorrhage into the prostatic bed after needle biopsy of the prostate was controlled with embolic occlusion of branches of the hypogastric arteries. In the second patient bleeding from the ileum following ileal loop cutaneous diversion was controlled with the infusion of vasopressin into the superior mesenteric artery. Therefore, angiography offers an attractive alternative to an operation in the management of postoperative hemmorrhage from the genitourinary tract.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

Fetal genitourinary tract anomalies: evaluation, operative correction, and follow-up.

The prenatal diagnosis of a genitourinary anomaly was made in 53 fetuses. Sonographic findings, antenatal course, and postnatal treatment and outcomes were examined. No interventional therapy was undertaken in utero, and the natural history could be examined in the 44 of 53 (83%) who did not electively terminate their pregnancies. Twenty-three of the total 53 (43%) had unilateral disease and 30 (57%) had bilateral involvement. Thirty-five of 53 (66%) survived, with 22 undergoing operative therapy postnatally. In all but one of the 35 survivors, the anomaly was isolated to the genitourinary tract, and the majority of surviving fetuses had unilateral disease. Oligohydramnios was present in only three of 35 survivors, and none had severe oligohydramnios. Nine of 53 women underwent termination of pregnancy and nine others experienced a neonatal death. All 18 of their fetuses had bilateral disease, with oligohydramnios present in 14 (78%). All five fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities were found in this group of 18. The majority of fetuses with a genitourinary anomaly will do well postnatally. Pulmonary hypoplasia, extrarenal anomalies, and chromosomal defects are frequent findings in the minority with poor outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach to management of the pregnancy with a fetal genitourinary tract anomaly is essential to optimize outcome.

Abortion, Eugenic↗

PubMed2002

Associated genitourinary tract anomalies in anorectal malformations: a thirteen year review.

UNLABELLED: Congenital anomalies in the genitourinary tract are the leading associated anomalies in infants with anorectal malformations (ARM). Certain anomalies such as vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) may cause permanent renal damage. OBJECTIVE: To review associated genitourinary tract anomalies in-cases of anorectal malformations and evaluate the efficacy of ultrasonography in detecting VUR. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective review of 183 patients with ARM undergoing anoplasty between 1988-2001. RESULTS: Genital anomalies were found in 14 per cent (26 cases). Urologic anomalies were detected in 25.6 per cent (47 cases), with a higher incidence in supralevator anomalies. The most common upper tract anomaly was hydronephrosis, which resolved spontaneously in most of them. VUR was found in 16 cases (21 refluxing units) or 20 per cent of patients to whom voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) was done. Sonography detected hydroureter and/or hydronephrosis in 3 of 21 refluxing units, despite 17 of them being grade three or more. Half of the cases with reflux had urinary tract infection at least once in the follow-up period despite normal initial urinalysis. Parenchymal scar was positive in four cases with VUR. CONCLUSION: Thorough evaluation of the urinary tract is necessary in infants with anorectal malformations. Ultrasound is an accurate tool in the examination of the upper tract, but not sensitive enough to detect lower tract anomalies, especially VUR.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Ultrasonography of the upper genitourinary tract.

Ultrasonography is now well established as an accurate, noninvasive means of evaluating the genitourinary tract in patients of all age groups. Ease, speed, and portability of real-time have made ultra-sonography one of the most readily accessible imaging procedures. Most authorities concede that it is best utilized as a complement to other imaging modalities. This article describes and illustrates the many pathologic processes involving the upper genitourinary tract that can be accurately diagnosed utilizing real-time ultrasonography.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗

PubMed1991

15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity in the lower genitourinary tract. A preliminary report.

In the pathway of prostaglandin inactivation, 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-OHPGDH) has been proven to be the catalyst of the primary catabolic step in the oxidation of the 15-hydroxyl group into a 15-keto moiety in most derivatives of prostaglandins. In this study, we analysed 15-OHPGDH activity in the lower genitourinary tract. The specimens were obtained with permission from patients who underwent surgery. These specimens were then sent for quantitative determination using a tritium release assay specific for 15-OHPGDH. The highest enzyme activity was found in the ureter with a mean +/- SE (pmol/min/mg) of 94.99 +/- 51.00; the lowest activity was in the vas deferens, with a value of 0.18 +/- 0.21. This preliminary study indicated that the activity of 15-OHPGDH in the lower genitourinary tract was significant and that prostaglandin levels in the genitourinary tract may be regulated by this enzyme.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Detection of genitourinary tract Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnant women by ligase chain reaction assay.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of a ligase chain reaction assay of cervical swabs and voided urine with those of cervical swab tissue culture for the detection of genitourinary tract infection with Chlamydia trachomatis in pregnant women. METHODS: Infection with C trachomatis was assessed in cervical swabs by culture and in both cervical swabs and voided urine specimens by a ligase chain reaction assay specific for C trachomatis plasmid DNA. The matched cervical swab and voided urine specimens were collected from 462 women during routine visits to prenatal clinics. Standard criteria that defined infection included: 1) a positive cervical culture result or 2) a negative culture but a positive ligase chain reaction result in either the urine or cervical specimen that was confirmed by supplementary testing. Test performance was assessed by determination of sensitivity and specificity, and differences in paired results were determined using McNemar analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of genitourinary C trachomatis infection was 6.1% (n = 28) by cervical culture (sensitivity 30.1%; specificity 100%), 18.2% (n = 84) by ligase chain reaction of cervical swabs (sensitivity 90.3%; specificity 100%), and 16.9% (n = 78) by ligase chain reaction of urine (sensitivity 83.9%; specificity 99.5%). Relative to the number of women with a positive culture or a confirmed ligase chain reaction-positive cervical swab, the sensitivity and specificity were 82.8% and 97.9%, respectively, for ligase chain reaction of urine and 96.6% and 100%, respectively, for ligase chain reaction of cervical swabs. Ligase chain reaction of cervical swabs and urine detected 89.3% and 82.1%, respectively, of women with a positive cervical culture. CONCLUSIONS: Ligase chain reaction assay of cervical or urine specimens detected considerably more pregnant women with C trachomatis infection of the genitourinary tract than did cervical culture. Ligase chain reaction testing of urine is a simple and effective means of screening pregnant women for genitourinary tract infection with C trachomatis.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Isolated lymphoma of genitourinary tract and adrenals.

With the routine use of computed tomographic imaging, intrinsic involvement of the genitourinary tract in newly diagnosed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is seen in as many as 10 percent of patients. Incidental discovery of an extranodal, extra-lymphatic lesion in the genitourinary tract without clinical or radiographic evidence of disease elsewhere, however, is an uncommon occurrence. The clinical presentation and imaging findings in 4 patients with initial manifestation of lymphoma isolated to the kidney, ureter, bladder, and adrenals, respectively, are presented. These patients had no evidence of lymphoma elsewhere, and imaging studies mimicked the more common neoplasms affecting these organs.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗