Integrated health, nutrition, agriculture and rural development projects, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand (1976-1984).
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This paper explores a series of relationships linking fertility through health status to measurable outcomes of development strategies, using references from the developing world.
We present a small study of four cases of malaria treated using a traditional herbal remedy at Rukararwe, Uganda. Our results demonstrate that this remedy has the potential to cure malaria clinically and parasitologically.
This paper summarizes the conceptual and methodological work carried out by a team of FAO staff and consultants in a continuing effort to introduce nutritional considerations into the planning and execution of agricultural programmes and projects. Guidelines were prepared on the basis of experience acquired to various case-studies and are currently being applied in field projects.
About half of the total population of the country are women and without their active participation no development programme can be achieved. This study involved a total number of 690 trainees from 23 upazilas of different districts in Bangladesh. The results obtained from both pre and post tests were compared and analyzed to find out the impact of the mobile training programme on nutrition. The mean age of the trainees was 29.54. The mean number of children per trainee was 3.73 and the mean income was close to Taka 1048.26. Analysis of the results regarding knowledge of the training about nutrition at pre and post training stages reveal that at post training stage they were more aware of the importance of nutrition. The difference in knowledge level at pre and post training stages was statistically significant (P less than .001).
In the context of a large project for the socio-economic improvement of the Imbo area, measures were taken for the integration at all levels of malaria control: health centres for improvement of curative care; hygiene and sanitation centres, communes and agricultural projects for vector control; craftsmen, cooperatives and social centres for the manufacture and selling of impregnated bed-nets. The adopted strategy for malaria control results from preliminary epidemiological studies. The recommended measures are the improvement of medical care and vector control. The latter is based on indoor spraying of malathion, once a year. Malathion is only active during the period (2 months) of highest transmission, which occurs at the end of the rainy season. Occasionally other insecticides are used. Impregnated bed-nets with deltamethrin and village draining are complementary methods. In villages of the rice-growing area with good participation of the community, vector control activities have a considerable impact on malaria prevalence. About 70% before the intervention, the prevalence does not exceed 10% in 1990. High parasitaemia (greater than 2000 troph./microliters), and hence morbidity, decreased considerably (35% in 1983 to less than 5% in 1990). In villages with poor community participation, the decrease of prevalence is less spectacular (from 70% to 25%). Drains are not kept in repair and constitute new breeding places of vectors in the populated areas. The use of mosquito bed-nets is not common, a better information campaign should overcome this unpopularity. In peri-urban villages, inhabitants are complaining about indoor spraying, but the results are satisfactory. This programme demonstrates that reducing malaria prevalence and morbidity with conventional measures is feasible in particular biotopes. Health education activities in the Imbo Centre must be pursued and adapted according to the professional activities of the community.
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The first part of this article reviews the interesting experience of the Center for Multidisciplinary Research in Rural Development (CIMDER) of Cali, Colombia, in the application of a model for the integrated development of health services. The strategies used in the model were: services available to all individuals and families in the community, use of accessible technology, community participation, and cooperation between the health sector and other development sectors. The second part briefly reviews the role of the nurse in health and development and takes issue with the traditional narrow view of the sphere of action of nursing as a profession. It is asserted that, in order to bring about the extension of health services and community development, it is necessary that the nurse serve in a position of leadership on a multidisciplinary team as either coordinator of services, supervisor of personnel, or education, and as liaison for the formal health care system with the community to enlist its active participation.