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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

Mouse-human comparative map resources on the Web.

Comparative maps have been a valuable resource for extrapolating biological information among organisms. The relationship between mouse and human maps provides a framework for integrating information from each species and thereby increasing the utility of all available data such as gene location, structure and function. This review describes the various public resources, both databases and web sites, containing genome-wide mouse-human comparative map information available through the World-Wide Web. We will focus on the use and applicability of these resources in their current form and consider future potential directions.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

MACiE: a database of enzyme reaction mechanisms.

SUMMARY: MACiE (mechanism, annotation and classification in enzymes) is a publicly available web-based database, held in CMLReact (an XML application), that aims to help our understanding of the evolution of enzyme catalytic mechanisms and also to create a classification system which reflects the actual chemical mechanism (catalytic steps) of an enzyme reaction, not only the overall reaction. AVAILABILITY: http://www-mitchell.ch.cam.ac.uk/macie/.

Catalysis↗

PubMed2006

SynView: a GBrowse-compatible approach to visualizing comparative genome data.

UNLABELLED: We present SynView, a simple and generic approach to dynamically visualize multi-species comparative genome data. It is a light-weight application based on the popular and configurable web-based GBrowse framework. It can be used with a variety of databases and provides the user with a high degree of interactivity. The tool is written in Perl and runs on top of the GBrowse framework. It is in use in the PlasmoDB (http://www.PlasmoDB.org) and the CryptoDB (http://www.CryptoDB.org) projects and can be easily integrated into other cross-species comparative genome projects. AVAILABILITY: The program and instructions are freely available at http://www.ApiDB.org/apps/SynView/ CONTACT: jkissing@uga.edu.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2003

wCLUTO: a Web-enabled clustering toolkit.

As structural and functional genomics efforts provide the biological community with ever-broadening sets of interrelated data, the need to explore such complex information for subtle relationships expands. We present wCLUTO, a Web-enabled version of the stand-alone application CLUTO, designed to apply clustering methods to genomic information. Its first application is focused on the clustering transcriptome data from microarrays. Data can be uploaded by the user into the clustering tool, a choice of several clustering methods can be made and configured, and data are presented to the user in a variety of visual formats, including a three-dimensional "mountain" view of the clusters. Parameters can be explored to rapidly examine a variety of clustering results, and the resulting clusters can be downloaded either for manipulation by other programs or to be saved in a format for publication.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2004

The cooperative prostate cancer tissue resource: a specimen and data resource for cancer researchers.

PURPOSE: The Cooperative Prostate Cancer Tissue Resource (CPCTR) is a National Cancer Institute-supported tissue bank that provides large numbers of clinically annotated prostate cancer specimens to investigators. This communication describes the CPCTR to investigators interested in obtaining prostate cancer tissue samples. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The CPCTR, through its four participating institutions, has collected specimens and clinical data for prostate cancer cases diagnosed from 1989 onward. These specimens include paraffin blocks and frozen tissue from radical prostatectomy specimens and paraffin blocks from prostate needle biopsies. Standardized histopathological characterization and clinical data extraction are performed for all cases. Information on histopathology, demography (including ethnicity), laboratory data (prostate-specific antigen values), and clinical outcome related to prostate cancer are entered into the CPCTR database for all cases. Materials in the CPCTR are available in multiple tissue formats, including tissue microarray sections, paraffin-embedded tissue sections, serum, and frozen tissue specimens. These are available for research purposes following an application process that is described on the CPCTR web site (www.prostatetissues.org). RESULTS: The CPCTR currently (as of October 2003) contains 5135 prostate cancer cases including 4723 radical prostatectomy cases. Frozen tissues, in some instances including patient serum samples, are available for 1226 cases. Biochemical recurrence data allow identification of cases with residual disease, cases with recurrence, and recurrence-free cases. CONCLUSIONS: The CPCTR offers large numbers of highly characterized prostate cancer tissue specimens, including tissue microarrays, with associated clinical data for biomarker studies. Interested investigators are encouraged to apply for use of this material (www.prostatetissues.org).

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Supportive ties: a political economy perspective.

The growing body of evidence linking social support and health has important implications for health promotion, disease prevention and treatment. But serious unsolved problems remain in the areas of research, practice and policy. Key among these are the ethical issues which arise when the reality of the importance of social support is translated simplistically into a policy emphasis stressing individual and interpersonal responsibility for health and justifying major cutbacks in health and social programs. This article examines the interdependencies between supportive ties on the individual and community levels and the larger social and political environments within which social networks operate. The effectiveness of families and other micro level support systems is seen as heavily dependent upon the adequacy of programs and policies on the local state and national levels which provide help with income maintenance, housing, transportation and other basic necessities. The cutting back of these more basic programs and services will be seen to disrupt the delicate web of natural relationships. Professionals concerned with the application of social support and health findings need to look beyond the individual and interpersonal levels toward policy and institutional level interventions. They thus may make an important contribution in advocating on behalf of those policies and programs which are critical to the effective functioning of natural helping networks, and which are at the same time faced with cutbacks. By helping alert colleagues, policy makers and the public both to the promise of the social support and health findings, and to the interdependence of support on local, state and national levels, health educators and others in the health professions may help to facilitate the effective application of these findings in policy and practice.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2026

A machine learning-based predictive model for radiosensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma utilizing serum proteomics.

BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains highly sensitive to radiotherapy; however, radioresistance in a subset of patients leads to local recurrence and distant metastasis. Serum proteomics provides a minimally invasive approach to capturing dynamic physiological changes, and machine learning enables efficient construction of predictive models. This study aimed to develop and validate a serum proteomics–based machine-learning model for predicting radiotherapy sensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS: Pretreatment serum samples from newly diagnosed NPC patients were analyzed using SELDI-TOF-MS. Differentially expressed proteins between radiosensitive and radioresistant groups were identified using limma. GO and KEGG analyses were performed to explore functional enrichment. Twelve machine-learning algorithms were used to construct predictive models, and the top-performing models were optimized through feature selection. A Random Forest model with seven features was identified as the optimal model. External validation was performed using an independent cohort with ELISA-quantified protein levels. Model performance was assessed using Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), calibration analysis, decision curve analysis (DCA), and 10-fold cross-validation. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis was applied for model interpretability, and the final model was deployed via a ShinyAPP. RESULTS: A total of 96 differentially expressed proteins were identified, which involved multiple function and signaling pathways. The Random Forest model demonstrated the best predictive performance, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.963 in the training set and 0.975 in the validation set. Cross-validation yielded an average AUC of 0.965. DCA indicated high clinical utility across a broad threshold range, and calibration curves showed good model agreement. Seven proteins (PLXND1, GSR, PGD, PTPRC, OR2T29, ACTG2, CHAD) were selected as final features. SHAP analysis provided global and individual-level interpretability. A web-based tool was developed to facilitate clinical application. CONCLUSION: This study establishes a robust serum proteomics–based machine-learning model capable of accurately predicting radiotherapy sensitivity in NPC. The model offers clinical interpretability and practical implementation, supporting personalized radiotherapy decision-making.

Humans↗

PubMed1997

Productivity and quality improvements in health care through airboss mobile messaging services.

The US health care industry is in the midst of revolutionary changes. Under tremendous pressures from third-party payers and managed care programs to control costs while providing high quality medical services, health care entities are now looking at information technologies to help them achieve their goals. These goals typically include improved productivity, efficiency and decision-making capabilities among staff members. Moreover, hospitals and other health care facilities that provide a broad and integrated range of inpatient and outpatient care, wellness and home care services are in the best position to offer comprehensive packages to managed care and private insurers. Many health care providers and administrators are considered mobile employees. This mobility can range from intra-building and intra-campus to multi-site and metropolitan areas. This group often relies on a variety of information technologies such as personal computers, communicating laptops, pagers, cellular phones, wireline phones, cordless phones and fax machines to stay in touch and handle information needs. These health care professionals require mobile information access and messaging tools to improve communications, control accessibility and enhance decision-making capabilities. AirBoss mobile messaging services could address the health care industry's need for improved messaging capabilities for its mobile employees. The AirBoss family of services supports integrated voice services, data messaging, mobile facsimile and customized information delivery. This paper describes overview of the current mobile data networking capability, the AirBoss architecture, the health care-related applications it addresses and long-term benefits. In addition, a prototype application for mobile home health care workers is illustrated. This prototype application provides integrated e-mail, information services, web access, real-time access and update of patient records from wireline or wireless networks, and cross media delivery and notification. It provides seamless wide area access to patient data in a secure environment, thus providing a continuity of care from the hospital to home.

Home Care Services↗

PubMed2000

Use of a computer-assisted clinical case (CACC) SOAP note exercise to assess students' application of osteopathic principles and practice.

Osteopathic medical students are future osteopathic physicians, and how they view the manipulative aspect of patient care will have an effect on the distinctiveness of osteopathic medicine. To encourage students' application of osteopathic principles and practice, a Web-based computer-assisted clinical case (CACC) was designed, for which students were required to submit a SOAP (Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan) note. Results from the CACC-SOAP note exercise indicate that the experience engages medical students and can determine the students' abilities to recognize osteopathic principles in patient care.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗

PubMed2000

RadStation: client-based digital dictation system and integrated clinical information display with an embedded Web-browser.

RadStation is a digital dictation system having an integrated display of clinical information. The three-tiered system architecture provides robust performance, with most information displayed within one second after a request. The multifunctional client tier is a unique client/browser hybrid. A Web browser display window functions as the client application's data display window for clinical information, radiology reports, and laboratory and pathology results. RadStation provides a robust platform for digital dictation functionality. The system's internal status checks ensure operational integrity in a clinical environment. Also, the programmable dictation microphone and bar-code reader supplant the mouse as the system's primary input device. By merging information queries into existing work flow, radiologist's interpretation efficiency is maintained with instant access to essential clinical information. Finally, RadStation requires minimal training and has been enthusiastically accepted by our radiologists in an active clinical practice.

Computer Peripherals↗

PubMed2003

[Development of MOIMS on environmental data distribution].

'Environmental WebGIS system for Ganjiang Watershed', based on 1:250,000 topographic spatial database and environmental database of Jiangxi province, was developed. In the system, a hybrid strategy was adopted. And the GIS analysis functions of MapObjects and Map server functions of MOIMS were integrated in the system. Users can use GIS functions, such as zooming in, zooming out, panning, making theme maps, finding geographic objects by environmental attribute values etc., through web browser on the client computers. With the application of the WebGIS system, expanding the GIS users' range, making the GIS operation easily, and assistanting environmental management and decision can be completed.

Environmental Health↗

PubMed2005

Bioinformatics visualization and integration with open standards: the Bluejay genomic browser.

We have created a new Java-based integrated computational environment for the exploration of genomic data, called Bluejay. The system is capable of using almost any XML file related to genomic data. Non-XML data sources can be accessed via a proxy server. Bluejay has several features, which are new to Bioinformatics, including an unlimited semantic zoom capability, coupled with Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) outputs; an implementation of the XLink standard, which features access to MAGPIE Genecards as well as any BioMOBY service accessible over the Internet; and the integration of gene chip analysis tools with the functional assignments. The system can be used as a signed web applet, Web Start, and a local stand-alone application, with or without connection to the Internet. It is available free of charge and as open source via http://bluejay.ucalgary.ca.

Computational Biology↗

PubMed1992

Future horizons of lung preservation by application of a platelet-activating factor antagonist compared with current clinical standards. Euro-Collins flush perfusion versus donor core cooling.

With the introduction of platelet-activating factor antagonists, a direct inhibition of ischemia-induced reperfusion injury can be achieved by prevention of platelet activation, reduction of microvascular leakage, and platelet-activating factor-induced bronchoconstriction. At present, two preservation methods are established for clinical lung preservation: (1) donor core cooling by extracorporeal circulation and (2) pulmonary artery flush with Euro-Collins solution and prostacyclin. We compared the quality of organ preservation obtained with these methods to the application of a platelet-activating factor antagonist (WEB 2170; 0.3 mg/kg) for the donor, perfusion solution, and throughout the first 6 hours of reperfusion in combination with prostacyclin (20 ng/kg/min) and Euro-Collins solution (60 ml/kg). Eighteen heterotopic heart and orthotopic left lung transplants were performed in three groups of six dogs each after 6 hours of cold ischemia (group I, donor core cooling; group II, Euro-Collins flush and prostacyclin; group III, Euro-Collins flush, prostacyclin, and WEB 2170). Myocardial preservation was achieved with St. Thomas' Hospital solution (20 ml/kg) in all groups. After transplantation, cardiorespiratory function was assessed at an inspired oxygen fraction of 0.4. After transplantation, superior results were observed in group III, as expressed by significantly improved oxygenation, while cardiac output and pulmonary artery pressures were similar in all groups. We concluded that the use of the platelet-activating factor antagonist WEB 2170 resulted in better lung preservation than current clinical standards.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Immunization against psittacine pox.

Pox virus isolated from psittacine birds was used as a vaccine in trials with love birds (Agapornis roseicollis). The vaccine was applied by wing-web puncture using single- and double-needle applicators. Immunity was effective against challenge with virulent psittacine pox virus administered via the feather follicle/thigh. When unvaccinated contact control birds were placed with the vaccinated individuals immediately post-vaccination, virus spread was evident. However, susceptible birds placed with vaccinated ones at 27 days postvaccination remained uninfected for 11 weeks. The importance of a high vaccine virus titer was observed.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Loperamide blocks high-voltage-activated calcium channels and N-methyl-D-aspartate-evoked responses in rat and mouse cultured hippocampal pyramidal neurons.

The effects of the antidiarrheal agent loperamide on high-voltage-activated (HVA) calcium channel activity and excitatory amino acid-evoked responses in two preparations of cultured hippocampal pyramidal neurons were examined. In rat hippocampal neurons loaded with the calcium-sensitive dye fura-2, rises in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) evoked by transient exposure to 50 mM K(+)-containing medium [high extracellular potassium concentration ([K+]o)] were mediated by Ca2+ flux largely through nifedipine-sensitive Ca2+ channels, with smaller contributions from omega-conotoxin GVIA (omega-CgTx)-sensitive Ca2+ channels and channels insensitive to both nifedipine and omega-CgTx. Loperamide reversibly blocked rises in [Ca2+]i evoked by high [K+]o in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 0.9 +/- 0.2 microM. At the highest concentration tested (50 microM), loperamide eliminated rises in [Ca2+]i evoked by high [K+]o, a result otherwise achieved only in Ca(2+)-free medium or by the combined application of nifedipine, omega-CgTx, and funnel web spider venom to Ca(2+)-containing medium. The action of loperamide was neither naloxone sensitive nor mimicked by morphine and was seen at concentrations substantially less than those required to block influx of Ca2+ through the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-operated ionophore. Similar results were obtained in cultured mouse hippocampal pyramidal neurons under whole-cell voltage clamp. Voltage-activated Ca2+ channel currents carried by barium ions (IBa) could be discriminated pharmacologically into nifedipine-sensitive (L-type) and nifedipine-resistant, omega-CgTx-sensitive (N-type) components. Loperamide (0.1-50 microM) produced a concentration-dependent reduction of the peak IBa with an IC50 value of 2.5 +/- 0.4 microM and, at the highest concentration tested, could fully block IBa in the absence of any other pharmacological agent. The loperamide-induced block was rapid in onset and offset, was fully reversible, and did not appear to be related to the known calmodulin antagonist actions of loperamide. The current-voltage characteristics of the whole-cell IBa were unaffected by loperamide and the block was not voltage dependent. Loperamide also attenuated NMDA-evoked currents recorded at a membrane potential of -60 mV, with an IC50 of 73 +/- 7 microM. The block of NMDA-evoked currents was not competitive in nature, was not reversed by elevation of the extracellular glycine or spermine concentration, and was not affected by changes in the membrane holding potential. Steady state currents evoked by kainate and DL-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazolepropionic acid were, in contrast, relatively unaffected by 100 microM loperamide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Informed evaluation of pathology residency programs.

OBJECTIVES: To identify resources and summarize important issues in anatomic and clinical pathology training and to assist the pathology resident candidate in evaluating potential training programs. DATA SOURCES: Published guides for medical residency applicants, recent literature discussing pathology education, and World Wide Web sites. STUDY SELECTION: Resources perceived by the author as valuable for the pathology resident candidate. DATA EXTRACTION: Key issues in pathology education are identified. DATA SYNTHESIS: Issues are discussed from the perspective of a pathology resident candidate, and resources for further information are provided. CONCLUSIONS: The pathology residency candidate faces unique challenges in the residency search process because of the breadth of pathology training and the limited exposure to the practice of pathology in medical school. General guides for residency applicants include little discussion of pathology-specific issues. Recent literature discussing pathology education is fragmented but provides invaluable insights for resident candidates. This review seeks to identify a wide variety of issues and resources as a starting point for evaluating potential training programs.

Anatomy↗

PubMed2003

Web services-based access to local clinical trial databases: a standards initiative of the Association of American Cancer Institutes.

Electronic discovery of the clinical trials being performed at a specific research center is a challenging task, which presently requires manual review of the center's locally maintained databases or web pages of protocol listings. Near real-time automated discovery of available trials would increase the efficiency and effectiveness of clinical trial searching, and would facilitate the development of new services for information providers and consumers. Automated discovery efforts to date have been hindered by issues such as disparate database schemas, vocabularies, and insufficient standards for easy intersystem exchange of high-level data, but adequate infrastructure now exists that make possible the development of applications for near real-time automated discovery of trials. This paper describes the current state (design and implementation) of the Web Services Specification for Publication and Discovery of Clinical Trials as developed by the Technology Task Force of the Association of American Cancer Institutes. The paper then briefly discusses a prototype web service-based application that implements the specification. Directions for evolution of this specification are also discussed.

Cancer Care Facilities↗

PubMed2006

Structured data entry for narrative data in a broad specialty: patient history and physical examination in pediatrics.

BACKGROUND: Whereas an electronic medical record (EMR) system can partly address the limitations, of paper-based documentation, such as fragmentation of patient data, physical paper records missing and poor legibility, structured data entry (SDE, i.e. data entry based on selection of predefined medical concepts) is essential for uniformity of data, easier reporting, decision support, quality assessment, and patient-oriented clinical research. The aim of this project was to explore whether a previously developed generic (i.e. content independent) SDE application to support the structured documentation of narrative data (called OpenSDE) can be used to model data obtained at history taking and physical examination of a broad specialty. METHODS: OpenSDE was customized for the broad domain of general pediatrics: medical concepts and its descriptors from history taking and physical examination were modeled into a tree structure. RESULTS: An EMR system allowing structured recording (OpenSDE) of pediatric narrative data was developed. Patient history is described by 20 main concepts and physical examination by 11. In total, the thesaurus consists of about 1800 items, used in 8648 nodes in the tree with a maximum depth of 9 levels. Patient history contained 6312 nodes, and physical examination 2336. User-defined entry forms can be composed according to individual needs, without affecting the underlying data representation. The content of the tree can be adjusted easily and sharing records among different disciplines is possible. Data that are relevant in more than one context can be accessed from multiple branches of the tree without duplication or ambiguity of data entry via "shortcuts". CONCLUSION: An expandable EMR system with structured data entry (OpenSDE) for pediatrics was developed, allowing structured documentation of patient history and physical examination. For further evaluation in other environments, the tree structure for general pediatrics is available at the Erasmus MC Web site (in Dutch, translation into English in progress) 1. The generic OpenSDE application is available at the OpenSDE Web site 2.

Child↗