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PubMed · 12467582

A hidden sensory function for motor cortex.

Victor de Lafuente·Ranulfo Romo
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Abstract

Sensory perception has traditionally been attributed to the activation of sensory cortices. However, by inducing an illusory perception of movement, Naito and colleagues show in this issue of Neuron that the illusory perception of movement is related to activation of primary motor cortex.

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Evoked Potentials, MotorHandHumansIllusionsKinesthesisMagnetic Resonance ImagingMagneticsMotor CortexMovementNeuronsVibrationCommentJournal Article

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Victor de Lafuente, Ranulfo Romo. 2002-12-05. A hidden sensory function for motor cortex.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(02)01095-4

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PubMed2002

Impaired lumbar movement perception in association with postural stability and motor- and somatosensory-evoked potentials in lumbar spinal stenosis.

STUDY DESIGN: A descriptive study of the associations between different neurophysiologic findings in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the ability to sense a change in lumbar position and the associations between lumbar movement perception, postural stability, and motor-evoked potentials and somatosensory-evoked potentials. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Patients with low back pain have impaired postural control and impaired lumbar proprioception. Altered motor-evoked potentials and somatosensory-evoked potentials have been often observed in lumbar spinal stenosis. METHODS: The study included 26 patients with clinically and radiologically diagnosed lumbar spinal stenosis. Their ability to sense lumbar rotation was assessed in a previously validated motorized trunk rotation unit in the seated position. The abilities to indicate the movement direction and the movement magnitude were used as indexes of the ability to sense the lumbar rotatory movement. The postural stability was measured with a vertical force platform. The motor-evoked potentials were elicited by transcranial and lumbar stimulation and recorded from anterior tibialis muscles. The somatosensory-evoked potentials were elicited by transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve at the ankle. RESULTS: Twenty patients (76.9%; P = 0.006) reported the wrong movement direction. Furthermore, the patients consistently localized the movement sensation in their shoulders instead of the lumbar region. The altered motor-evoked potentials and somatosensory-evoked potentials were observed in 11 and 16 patients, respectively. Abnormal motor-evoked potentials had inconsistent associations with impaired movement perception and postural stability and abnormal somatosensory-evoked potentials had no associations with other findings. CONCLUSIONS: Many patients with lumbar spinal stenosis have difficulties in sensing the lumbar rotational movement, which may indicate impaired proprioceptive abilities. Abnormal motor-evoked potentials and somatosensory-evoked potentials are also frequent in lumbar spinal stenosis but do not necessarily occur in the same patients as the abnormal ability to sense trunk movement. These new findings add to our understanding of the pathophysiology of lumbar spinal stenosis.

Evoked Potentials, Motor↗
PubMed2002

Preliminary findings in the neurophysiological assessment of intercostal nerve injury during thoracotomy.

OBJECTIVE: Previous work has suggested that intercostal nerve injury is a major factor in the aetiology of chronic post-thoracotomy pain. The aim of this study was to establish if there was identifiable intercostal nerve injury during thoracotomy. METHODS: Intercostal nerves were stimulated and motor evoked potentials were recorded from intercostal muscles in 13 patients undergoing thoracotomy. Measurements were taken before and after entering the pleural space, after removal of the rib retractor and after intercostal space closure. RESULTS: Intercostal nerves functioned normally before and after entering the pleural space. After the rib retractor was removed, there was a total conduction block in the nerve immediately above the incision in every patient. In the nerves above this, six had a total block, one a partial block and three had normal conduction. There was a total conduction block in the nerve immediately below the incision in all but one patient. Of the nerves below this, four had a total block, two a partial block and three had normal conduction. In the cases of total conduction block, there was either a discrete block at the level of the distal end of the rib retractor or impairment throughout the whole nerve. Intercostal space closure did not injure any previously uninjured nerve. In a solitary patient where rib retraction was not employed, there was no impairment of the intercostal nerves throughout the operation. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates for the first time that intercostal nerve injury occurs routinely due to rib retraction during thoracotomy. We believe that it may be an important step toward understanding the cause of post-thoracotomy neuralgia.

Evoked Potentials, Motor↗