Sensory mapping.

J K Terzis

Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 1248197

Sensory mapping.

J K Terzis

View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

The primary aim in reconstructive surgery of the upper extremity is to provide tactile gnosis to sensory depleted areas. It is essential for restoration of function and successful rehabilitation of the injured hand. Neurovascular free flaps may provide the answer to this catastrophic problem and transform a useless appendage into a functional gripping hand. Sensory mapping techniques can greatly assist the surgeon in precisely defining new donor sites for these transfers. Cutaneous sensibility, cutaneous sensation, and hand function are subjects of great complexity. Much more investigative and clinical work is needed in this challenging field to improve our evaluation of the sensory injury to the hand and to provide new avenues for restoring functional sensibility in the upper extremity.

Explore related subjects

Action Potentials Dermatologic Surgical Procedures Foot Hand Hand Injuries Humans Mechanoreceptors Skin Touch Journal Article

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeX RIS

J K Terzis. 1976. Sensory mapping.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1248197/

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed1992

The function relating the subjective magnitude of brain stimulation reward to stimulation strength varies with site of stimulation.

A two-lever choice paradigm with concurrent variable interval schedules of reward was used to measure the growth in the subjective magnitude of reward as a function of current, by finding the adjustment in the stimulating current required to offset a given difference in the rates at which two rewards were received. Increasing current by a factor of 2 increased subjective reward magnitude by a factor ranging from as little as 3 to as much as 4,000. This range was about as great between electrodes within one rat as between electrodes and rats. In the light of earlier findings regarding the equivalent effects of increments is current and pulse frequency, these large differences cannot readily be explained by differing fiber densities at the site of stimulation. It is suggested that the medial forebrain bundle terminates in more than one spatio-temporal integration mechanism. The magnitude of the spatio-temporally integrated effect of a barrage of action potentials in the reward-relevant axons depends on which subset of reward-relevant axons is excited by the stimulation.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed1992

Influence of trigeminal nasal afferents on bulbar respiratory neuronal activity.

This study examined the influence of nasal trigeminal afferents, the anterior ethmoidal nerve (AEN) and posterior nasal nerves (PNN) on the spike discharges of respiratory-related neurons recorded in the ventral respiratory group (VRG) (2.6-3.5 mm lateral to the midline, from 1 mm rostral to 3 mm caudal to the obex and at depth of 2-4 mm below the dorsal surface). Electrical stimulations to the AEN and PNN were administered to 10 pentobarbital anaesthetized cats and to 8 ketamine anaesthetized, vagotomized, curarized and ventilated cats. Single shock stimulations of either nerve evoked transient and total inhibition of inspiratory activities. Expiratory-related neurons of the VRG presented three patterns of activity in response to stimulation:excitation, inhibition or inhibition followed by excitation. More generally, expiratory units are activated with a short latency. In the course of repetitive stimulation of the AEN and PNN we observed a prolongation of the spontaneous inspiratory discharge which presented transient, short inhibition in response to each shock. Most expiratory units presented a short activation which was synchronous with the transient inhibition of inspiratory activities. When repetitive stimulation provoked a sneeze-like response, we observed a progressive increase in the duration of transient inspiratory inhibition first, associated with a progressive reinforcement of transient expiratory activation. Secondarily, just before the expiratory thrust, we noted a stronger inhibition of the inspiratory activity which preceded a high-frequency (400 Hz) expiratory discharge. Nasal afferents exert a forceful excitatory effect on bulbospinal (BS) and non-bulbospinal-non-vagal (NBS-NV) expiratory cells of the VRG. The effects due to vagotomy and curarization are discussed.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed1992

Caffeine inhibits depolarization-activated outward currents in rat ventricular myocytes.

The effects of caffeine (10 mM) on depolarization-activated, calcium-independent outward K+ currents were investigated in isolated rat ventricular myocytes, using whole-cell clamping. The external solution contained CoCl2 2 mM and the internal solution contained ethylene glycol-bis(-aminoethyl ether) N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid 10 mM. Caffeine decreased the peak amplitude of the total current and the sustained plateau current. Caffeine did not modify the steady state inactivation curve, which was fitted by two Boltzmann functions. Caffeine blocked the tetraethylammonium-sensitive slowly activating and inactivating outward current by 32% and the 4-aminopyridine-sensitive rapidly activating and inactivating transient outward current by 19%. Caffeine did not modify the inactivation rate or the time course of the recovery from inactivation of the transient current. Ryanodine 10 microM did not modify any of the current components and the effect of caffeine was not modified by ryanodine pretreatment. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine 100 microM, did not modify the depolarization-activated calcium-independent outward currents.

Action Potentials↗