PubMed · 4152549
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J A Lievre, C Benichou. 1973. [Relationships between the thyroid and parathyroid].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4152549/
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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to reduce the analytical error associated with measuring oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressures as well as the pH in arterial blood samples an hour after sample collection. The standard blood sample preparation procedure involving sample cooling down to 0 degrees C is known to have several drawbacks. Therefore, another approach using NaF at room temperature as an inhibitor of metabolic reactions was introduced. DESIGN AND METHODS: Arterial heparin blood samples from six volunteers were distributed over 104 single capillaries prepared with different concentrations of NaF. The capillaries were filled simultaneously and under the same conditions with blood samples, and the blood gas parameters of each sample were measured. Changes in pO2, pCO2, and pH during storage were evaluated with the aid of t test statistics. RESULTS: During the storage period under investigation, fluctuations of the carbon dioxide partial pressure and the pH were low, whereas there was a significant (P < 0.01) decrease of the oxygen partial pressure. This was observed at all NaF concentrations. Depending on the addition of NaF, a significant baseline shift for the time-resolved pH and pCO2 values could be observed. Whereas the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and the pH could be kept stable by adding a defined amount of NaF, the partial pressure of oxygen decreased significantly over 70 min. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed new method can be practically applied to a comparative blood gas study, significantly reducing the blood sample volume required. The application of analytical grade NaF is an improvement compared to previous work because a pH decrease could not be observed.
High frequency ultrasonic imaging (e.g. >30 MHz) from blood is difficult due to its tenuous backscattered pressure and the interference from adjacent tissues as well. To increase the sensitivity focused transducer has to be used, thus raising the complexity of interpreting the received signals. A numerical simulation of the ultrasonic scattering property from erythrocyte and rouleaux based on boundary element method was performed with experimental results based on a modified substitution method. The results (proportional relationship between backscattered pressure and frequency and the frequency limit for Rayleigh scattering) closely coincide with experimental data for erythrocyte. Rouleaux model results also show the dependence of degree of red cell aggregation on backscattering properties. The boundary element method serves as a good means to calculate the acoustic scattering from blood cells under arbitrary incident waves.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to ascertain factors that might be protective of the appearance of gross blood in the stools of breast-fed infants. METHODS: Logistic regression models were formed to search for variables possibly explaining the condition. In addition to the analyzed breast milk factors, mother's allergic disease was introduced into the models to control for its possible confounding effect. The breast milk samples, collected from mothers of infants with gross blood in stools (n = 23) and from mothers of healthy age-matched infants (n = 71), were analyzed for concentrations of transforming growth factor-beta2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, prostaglandin (PG)E2, cysteinyl leukotrienes (Cys-LTs) and fatty acid composition. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Increase in the concentrations of PGE2 and Cys-LTs in the breast milk together with mother's allergic disease reduced the likelihood of gross blood in stools in the breast-fed infant. The results suggest that no single factor, but a combination of immunomodulatory factors may protect the child from gross blood in the stools of breast-fed infants. Allergic disease was not a risk factor as mother's allergic disease appeared to counterbalance the gross blood in stools. Due to the preliminary nature of the study, the results need to be verified in a larger setting. The challenge for the future lies in identifying of such active compounds for dietary modification to enforce particularly the properties of the breast milk which are immunoprotective for the infant and to reduce the likelihood of intestinal disorders in at risk infants.