PubMed · 8943607
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C D Gomersall, G M Joynt, R M Calcroft. 1996. Gastric tonometry.. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb15013.x
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The tiny diatomic gas nitric oxide is synthezised in biological systems by complex enzymes known as nitric oxide synthases. Recently, a novel pathway for NO production in humans was discovered that involves chemical reduction of inorganic nitrite, a reaction that takes place predominantly during acidic and reducing conditions. Nonenzymatic NO production has been demonstrated, e.g., in the stomach, on the surface of the skin, in the ischemic heart, and in infected nitrite-containing urine. NO produced by this mechanism is likely to play a role in similar biological events as when produced from L-arginine by NO synthases.
In Helicobacter pylori, a pathogenicity island (PAI) of approximately 40 kb, named cag, is present in a subset of strains. The strains containing the PAI are more virulent than those that do not contain it, and are associated with peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. A putative secretory mechanism is encoded by this PAI. This secretory system is thought to be involved in the induction of the proiflammatory lymphokine IL-8 and tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins in the gastric cells. We are currently investigating the potential toxic factors exported by this region.