PubMed · 9411388
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M Rockoff, C Coté, R Kaplan. 1997. Sedation for procedures.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9411388/
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Southern elephant seals (Miroungo leonina) were immobilised with a mixture of tiletamine and zolazepam administered intravenously at a mean (sd) dose rate of 0.46 (0.08) mg/kg. This dose provided a satisfactory degree of anaesthesia with no side effects, and the induction, duration and recovery times were short. The mean (sd) induction time was 26 (9) seconds and the mean level of anaesthesia was 4.4 units on an eight-point scale. Male seals were given less drug than female seals, remained immobilised for shorter periods and recovered sooner. The mean (sd) dose of drug administered to males was 0.44 (0.06) mg/kg and to females 0.48 (0.08) mg/kg, and the mean (sd) duration times were 14.9 (4.5) minutes and 16.1 (5.3) minutes. The mean (sd) time taken to recover from immobilisation was 14.5 (4.6) minutes for males and 15.7 (5.3) minutes for females. Physiological condition and size significantly affected the duration of anaesthesia. Thin seals remained immobilised for 18 (7) minutes whereas fatter seals remained immobilised for 15 (4) minutes (P<0.0001).
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In endocrinological studies, the usual methods for taking blood samples are impractical because of the need for frequent sampling, and catheterization is required. The catheterization methods described for domestic pigs are not suitable for use with European wild boars (Sus scrofa) under field conditions. We describe a method for inserting an intra-arterial catheter into the European wild boar. The animals were sedated with a combination of medetomidin (Domitor 1 mg/ml, Orion-Farmos, Finland) and zolazepam and tiletamine (Zoletil forte vet 50 mg/ml + 50 mg/ml, Virbac Laboratories, France). Four animals were catheterized and sampled at 2-h intervals for 48 h in March under winter conditions and five in June under summer conditions. In March, all the catheters remained in place for the entire sampling period. In June, one animal managed to displace the catheter from its artery, but it was recatheterized and the rest of the samples were collected without problems. This catheterization method is relatively easy to carry out and requires no special facilities.